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Medical Microbiology II - 4336 > Test 2 Review (NEW) > Flashcards

Test 2 Review (NEW) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-Associated with water and HIGH temperatures
-Slow progressing pulmonary infection

A

M. xenopi (Runyon 3)

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2
Q

Buruli ulcer – tropical disease

A

M. ulcerans (Runyon 3)

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3
Q

Causes scarring and can progress to the bone
- LOW temperatures

A

M. ulcerans (Runyon 3)

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4
Q

-Requires hemin
-Skin infections but can disseminated

A

M. haemophilum (Runyon 3)

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5
Q

fast growers typically culture <7 days
Others: >7 days

A

Runyon group IV

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6
Q

Name of the TB vaccine?

A

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin)

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7
Q

What are the antibiotics that target gram positive?

A

Glycopeptide
Macrolides

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8
Q

What are the antibiotics that target gram negative bacteria?

A

-Monobactam
-Aminoglycosides
-Polymixin (except proteus)

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9
Q

What are the antibiotics that target the 30S ribosomal subunit?

A

-Tetracycline
-Aminoglycosides
-

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10
Q

What are the antibiotics that target DNA?

A

Quinolone
Fluoroquinolone
Metronidazole
Rifampin

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11
Q

what are the antibiotics that target the cell wall?

A

-Cephalosporin
-Glycopeptide
-Carbapenem
-Beta-Lactams
Penicillin
-Monobactam

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12
Q

Antibiotics that target the Cytoplasm membrane

A

Polymyxin

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13
Q

Antibiotics that target 50S subunit?

A

-Macrolides
-Licosamide

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14
Q

Antibiotic that targets RNA polymerase

A

Rifampin

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15
Q

Antibiotic that targets folic acid?

A

Sulfonamides

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16
Q

what can tetracycline and doxycycline treat?

A

Mycoplasma, rickettsiae, and chlamydiae

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17
Q

examples of Quinolone
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics?

A

Nalidixic acid
Ciprofloxacin

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18
Q

what antibiotic class can treat Mycobacteria
Anaerobes?

A

Quinolone
Fluoroquinolone

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19
Q

what is an example of a glycopeptide?

A

Vancomycin

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20
Q

What antibiotic would be used for Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
MRSA
Bacillus spp.
C. diff?

A

Vancomycin

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21
Q

What is Cefazolin (first gen) used to treat?

A

E. coli

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22
Q

What is Cefoxitin (second gen) used to treat?

A

H. influenzae and Bacteroides

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23
Q

What is Cefdinir (3rd gen) used to treat?

A

Neisseria and Enterics

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24
Q

What are the three types of Cephalosporins?

A

1st gen:
Cefazolin

2nd gen:
Cefoxitin

3rd gen:
Cefdinir

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25
Q

what is sulfamethoxazole used to treat?

A

Chlamydia and Actinomyces

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26
Q

What is Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Amikacin used to treat?

A

Enterobacteriaceae family
E. coli

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27
Q

What are examples of Aminoglycosides?

A

Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Amikacin

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28
Q

example of Carbapenem?

A

Meropenem and Imiperum

29
Q

what is meropenem used to treat?

A

M. tuberculosis
MRSA
C. diff
P. aeruginosa

30
Q

What is Penicillin used to treat?

A

Group A strep
S. pneumoniae
Enterococcus (ampicillin)
C. botulinum

31
Q

Example of a Macrolides?

A

Erythromycin

32
Q

What is Erythromycin used to treat?

A

C. trachomatis
T. pallidum
Enterococci

33
Q

Example of Licosamide?

A

Clindamycin

34
Q

What is clindamycin used to treat?

A

C. botulinum

35
Q

Example of a monobactam?

A

Aztreonam

36
Q

what is Aztreonam used to treat?

A

P. aeruginosa

37
Q

What is rifampin used to treat?

A

M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacterium

38
Q

What is Metronidazole used to treat?

A

Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
C. diffa

39
Q

What are examples of Polymyxin antibiotics?

A

Colistin
Polymyxin B

40
Q

what is Polymyxin used to treat?

A

Gram negative bacteria

41
Q

Common synergistic:

A

beta-lactam + aminoglycosides

42
Q

What is it called when the The antibiotic never possessed activity against the pathogen?

A

Intrinsic resistance

43
Q

This is achieved through transfer of genetic material that confers resistance

A

Acquired resistance

44
Q

What type of antibiotic resistance do we test for?

A

*WE TEST FOR ACQUIRED RESISTANCE NOT INTRINSIC RESISTANCE

45
Q

examples of acquired resistance?

A

Horizontal gene transfer:
o Transformation
o Transduction
o Conjugation
Often Plasmid mediated

46
Q

what is the gene for clindamycin resistance?

A

Erm gene

47
Q

beta-lactamase gene responsible for resistance to ampicillin

A

Bla(SHV)

48
Q

codes for PBP2A that has a lower affinity for beta-lactams, penicillin resistance

A

mecA gene (For MRSA)

49
Q

codes the beta subunit of RNA polymerase for Rifampin resistance

A

rpoB gene

50
Q

Vancomycin genes (detected by PCR)

A

VanA, VanB, VanC

VanA is the most common on Enterococcus faecalis

51
Q

What is the D-test used for?

A

determine if organisms can have inducible resistance to clindamycin by erythromycin. (Erm gene)

52
Q

When must a D-Test be performed?

A

Any Staphylococcus or beta streptococcus that test susceptible to clindamycin and RESISTANT to erythromycin

53
Q

The zone around _________ disc will be blunted if clindamycin resistance can be induced by erythromycin.

A

Clindamyicin

54
Q

Bacteroides are all ___________ positive.

A

Catalase

55
Q

What has a safety pin appearance in vacuoles?

A

Bacteroids

56
Q

What is anaerobic tonsillitis called ?

A

Vincent’s disease (Fusobacterium)

57
Q

Drum stick, or tennis racket GPR

A

Clostridium tetani

58
Q

Box car shaped spore, forming GPB

A

Clostridium perfringens

59
Q

What are the virulence factors of clostridium difficile?

A

Toxin A and toxin B, & GDH

60
Q

What is egg yolk agar used for differentiation of?

A

Clostridium species

61
Q

What is the reverse camp test used to differentiate?

A

C. Perfringens and other Closteridium species

C. Perfringens interacts with CAMP factor from strep agalactiae to produce synergistic hemolysis

62
Q

Florescence under UV light – brick red

A

Prevotella (obligate anaerobe)

63
Q

Fusobacterim- __________ disease

A

Vincents

64
Q

Nonfermenter*, pigmented brick, red under fluorescent light

A

Porphyromonas

65
Q

Esculin hydrolysis is used to differentiate….

A

Bacteroides sp.

Dark brown or black complex

66
Q

What agar is used for C. Diff?

A

CCFA

-it will turn the indicator to pink orange to yellow
Ground glass colony

67
Q

What is sulfur granules?

A

Actinomyces

68
Q

-A. Israelii
-lumpy jaw
-older colonies, referred to as molar tooth
-gram-positive rods

A

Actinomyces

Medical Microbiology II - 4336 (20 decks)

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