Test 2 Review (NEW) Flashcards by Sarah King

-Associated with water and HIGH temperatures
-Slow progressing pulmonary infection

M. xenopi (Runyon 3)

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Buruli ulcer – tropical disease

M. ulcerans (Runyon 3)

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Causes scarring and can progress to the bone
- LOW temperatures

M. ulcerans (Runyon 3)

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-Requires hemin
-Skin infections but can disseminated

M. haemophilum (Runyon 3)

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fast growers typically culture <7 days
Others: >7 days

Runyon group IV

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Name of the TB vaccine?

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin)

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What are the antibiotics that target gram positive?

Glycopeptide
Macrolides

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What are the antibiotics that target gram negative bacteria?

-Monobactam
-Aminoglycosides
-Polymixin (except proteus)

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What are the antibiotics that target the 30S ribosomal subunit?

-Tetracycline
-Aminoglycosides
-

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What are the antibiotics that target DNA?

Quinolone
Fluoroquinolone
Metronidazole
Rifampin

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what are the antibiotics that target the cell wall?

-Cephalosporin
-Glycopeptide
-Carbapenem
-Beta-Lactams
Penicillin
-Monobactam

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Antibiotics that target the Cytoplasm membrane

Polymyxin

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Antibiotics that target 50S subunit?

-Macrolides
-Licosamide

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Antibiotic that targets RNA polymerase

Rifampin

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Antibiotic that targets folic acid?

Sulfonamides

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what can tetracycline and doxycycline treat?

Mycoplasma, rickettsiae, and chlamydiae

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examples of Quinolone
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics?

Nalidixic acid
Ciprofloxacin

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what antibiotic class can treat Mycobacteria
Anaerobes?

Quinolone
Fluoroquinolone

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what is an example of a glycopeptide?

Vancomycin

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What antibiotic would be used for Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
MRSA
Bacillus spp.
C. diff?

Vancomycin

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What is Cefazolin (first gen) used to treat?

E. coli

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What is Cefoxitin (second gen) used to treat?

H. influenzae and Bacteroides

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What is Cefdinir (3rd gen) used to treat?

Neisseria and Enterics

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What are the three types of Cephalosporins?

1st gen:
Cefazolin

2nd gen:
Cefoxitin

3rd gen:
Cefdinir

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what is sulfamethoxazole used to treat?

Chlamydia and Actinomyces

What is Streptomycin Gentamicin Amikacin used to treat?

Enterobacteriaceae family E. coli

What are examples of Aminoglycosides?

Streptomycin Gentamicin Amikacin

example of Carbapenem?

Meropenem and Imiperum

what is meropenem used to treat?

M. tuberculosis MRSA C. diff P. aeruginosa

What is Penicillin used to treat?

Group A strep S. pneumoniae Enterococcus (ampicillin) C. botulinum

Example of a Macrolides?

Erythromycin

What is Erythromycin used to treat?

C. trachomatis T. pallidum Enterococci

Example of Licosamide?

Clindamycin

What is clindamycin used to treat?

C. botulinum

Example of a monobactam?

Aztreonam

what is Aztreonam used to treat?

P. aeruginosa

What is rifampin used to treat?

M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacterium

What is Metronidazole used to treat?

Bacteroides Fusobacterium C. diffa

What are examples of Polymyxin antibiotics?

Colistin Polymyxin B

what is Polymyxin used to treat?

Gram negative bacteria

Common synergistic:

beta-lactam + aminoglycosides

What is it called when the The antibiotic never possessed activity against the pathogen?

Intrinsic resistance

This is achieved through transfer of genetic material that confers resistance

Acquired resistance

What type of antibiotic resistance do we test for?

*WE TEST FOR ACQUIRED RESISTANCE NOT INTRINSIC RESISTANCE

examples of acquired resistance?

Horizontal gene transfer: o Transformation o Transduction o Conjugation Often Plasmid mediated

what is the gene for clindamycin resistance?

Erm gene

beta-lactamase gene responsible for resistance to ampicillin

Bla(SHV)

codes for PBP2A that has a lower affinity for beta-lactams, penicillin resistance

mecA gene (For MRSA)

codes the beta subunit of RNA polymerase for Rifampin resistance

rpoB gene

Vancomycin genes (detected by PCR)

VanA, VanB, VanC VanA is the most common on Enterococcus faecalis

What is the D-test used for?

determine if organisms can have inducible resistance to clindamycin by erythromycin. (Erm gene)

When must a D-Test be performed?

Any Staphylococcus or beta streptococcus that test susceptible to clindamycin and RESISTANT to erythromycin

The zone around _________ disc will be blunted if clindamycin resistance can be induced by erythromycin.

Clindamyicin

Bacteroides are all ___________ positive.

Catalase

What has a safety pin appearance in vacuoles?

Bacteroids

What is anaerobic tonsillitis called ?

Vincent’s disease (Fusobacterium)

Drum stick, or tennis racket GPR

Clostridium tetani

Box car shaped spore, forming GPB

Clostridium perfringens

What are the virulence factors of clostridium difficile?

Toxin A and toxin B, & GDH

What is egg yolk agar used for differentiation of?

Clostridium species

What is the reverse camp test used to differentiate?

C. Perfringens and other Closteridium species C. Perfringens interacts with CAMP factor from strep agalactiae to produce synergistic hemolysis

Florescence under UV light – brick red

Prevotella (obligate anaerobe)

Fusobacterim- __________ disease

Vincents

Nonfermenter*, pigmented brick, red under fluorescent light

Porphyromonas

Esculin hydrolysis is used to differentiate….

Bacteroides sp. Dark brown or black complex

What agar is used for C. Diff?

CCFA -it will turn the indicator to pink orange to yellow Ground glass colony

What is sulfur granules?

Actinomyces

-A. Israelii -lumpy jaw -older colonies, referred to as molar tooth -gram-positive rods

Actinomyces