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Medical Microbiology II - 4336 > Blakes Mycology flashcards > Flashcards

Blakes Mycology flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Saprobes

A

An organism esp a fungus that lives on decaying organisms

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2
Q

Dimorphisms

A

Existing in two forms

Two phases
- yeast or yeast like
Filamentous forms

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3
Q

Teleomorph=

What type of spores

A

Sexual form
- Ascospores

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4
Q

Ascospores

A

sexual spores contained within a ascus

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5
Q

Anamorphic=

What type of spores

A

Asexual
- conidia-asexual spores

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6
Q

Conidia

A

Asexual spores

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7
Q

Synanomorphs=

A

More than one asexual form of a fungus

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8
Q

Yeast

A
  • Unicellular
  • Budding= occurs by a process called outpouching
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9
Q

Budding

A

Occurs by a process called outpouching

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10
Q

Germ tubes

A

Incomplete cell division (the initial stage of true hyphae formation)
- outpouching of the cell wall that becomes tubular but does
not have a constriction

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11
Q

Hyphae-

A

long filamentous structure (tube, frequently
branching)

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12
Q

Mycelium

A

Mass or network of hyphae

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13
Q

Vegetative hyphae

A

Anchors the molds and absorbs nutrients

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14
Q

Reproductive hyphae

A

Hyphae with reproductive structures

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15
Q

Vegetative mycelium

A

Network or mass of vegetative hyphae

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16
Q

Aerial mycelium

A

Mycelium that grows upward or outward from the substrate

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17
Q

Septate

A

have dividers between the cells—have pores that
allow cytoplasm and nutrients to flow through

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18
Q

Sparsley septate

A

Non-septate
Hyphae cells do not have septa to divide them or
septa are rarely observed

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19
Q

Hyaline

A

Non-pigmented hyphae

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20
Q

dematiaceous

A

Dark pigment or melanized

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21
Q

Four categories of mycoses

A
  • Superficial cutaneous mycoses
    – Infection of hair, skin, or nails
    – No invasion of deeper tissues
  • Subcutaneous mycoses
    – Beneath the skin, but not systemic
  • Systemic mycoses
  • Opportunistic mycoses
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22
Q

Superficial cutaneous mycoses

A

Infection of hair, skin, or nails
– No invasion of deeper tissues

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23
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

Beneath the skin, but not systemic

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24
Q

four of superficial fungi

A
  • Superficial – skin, nails, & hair shaft
  • Tinea
  • Piedra
    – Piedraia hortae
    – Trichosporon beigelii
  • Candidosis
  • Dermatophytes
    – Trichophyton
    – Microsporum
    – Epidermophyton
  • Pityriasis versicolor: Malassezia furfur
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25
Q

types of Peidra

A

-Piedraia hortae
– Trichosporon beigelii

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26
Q

Dermatophytes

A

– Trichophyton- hair. Skin, and nails
– Microsporum- hair and skin
– Epidermophyton- skin and nails

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27
Q

Pityriasis versicolor causes

A

Malassezia furfur

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28
Q

Malassezia furfur

A

Multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color from white to tan to brown to pink

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29
Q

Mycoses

A

A disease caused by a fungus

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30
Q

Black piedra is caused by

A

Peidraia hortae

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31
Q

white piedra is caused by

A

Trochosporon beigelii

32
Q

Cutaneous layers

A

skin, hair nails
* Keratinized layer
* Dermatophytes
–Trichophyton, Epidermophyton,
Microsporum

33
Q

Tinea causes what

A

(Ringworm) –
caused by
Dermatophytes

34
Q

Tinea barbae

A

Beard ringworm

35
Q

Tinea Mannum

A

Hands ringworm

36
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Scalp or head ringworm

37
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Feet ( athlete foot)

38
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Body

39
Q

Onychomycosis

A

Tinea unguium ( nail infection)

40
Q

Trichophyton rubrum

A

Causes Tinea corporis, -capitis, -unguium, and -barbae

41
Q

Microconidia-

A

Small asexual spores

42
Q

Microsporum gypseum

A

Tinea
capitis and corporis

43
Q

Microsporum canis

A
  • Tinea
    corporis,
    tinea capitis,
    tinea barbae,
    tinea
    manuum
44
Q

Epidermophyton floccosum

A

Tinea cruris- of the genitals
tinea pedis,
tinea
corporis,
onychomyco
sis

45
Q

Subcutaneous-

A
  • deeper layers
  • Chromoblastomycosis
    – Chronic fungal infection of the skin and the
    subcutaneous tissue
    – Traumatic inoculation of a specific group of
    dematiaceous fungi
    – Non-healing ulcers
46
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A

Causes brown coloration of skin

47
Q

Agents of chromoblastomycosis

A

– Fonsecaea pedrosoi
– Phialophora verrucosa
– Cladophialophora carrionii
– Rhinocladiella aquaspersa

48
Q

Chromoblastomycosis signs and symptoms

A
  • Brown-pigmented, wart-like lesions
  • Verrucous, “cauliflower-like” dermatitis
  • Common in tropical and subtropical countries
  • Usually as a result of trauma
  • Secondary bacterial infection is common
49
Q

Verrucous

A

Cauliflower like dermatitis

50
Q

Sporothrix

A
  • Sporotrichosis, also known as rose
    gardener’s disease, a chronic infection
    caused by the saprophytic dimorphic
    fungus Sporothrix schenckii.
  • Usually subcutaneous, but in rare cases,
    can disseminate to visceral organs
    Moves along lymphatic channels
51
Q

Sporotrichosis is also known as

A

Rose gardeners disease ( a chronic infection caused by the saprophytic dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii

52
Q

Sporotrichosis is usually

and moves along

A
  • Usually subcutaneous, but in rare cases,
    can disseminate to visceral organs
    Moves along lymphatic channels
53
Q

Eumycotic mycetoma subcutaneous

A
  • Pseudallescheria boydii
  • Acremonium falciforme
  • Madurella mycetomatis
  • Curvularia spp.
  • Exophiala jeanselmi
54
Q

Mycetoma is known as

A

Madura foot

55
Q

Mycetoma can be where

A
  • Can be anywhere on body, but foot most
    common
56
Q

Mycetoma has what

granules composed of what

A
  • Draining sinus tracts that communicate with the
    exterior of the body
  • Granules composed of aggregates of organism
57
Q

Psudallescheria boydii

A

cleistothecium releasing ascospores

58
Q

Scedosporium apiospermum

A

Asexual- anamorph for P.boydii

59
Q

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis

species

A
  • Infection caused by darkly
    pigmented fungi
    –Exophiala
    –Wangiella
    –Fonsecaea
    –Alternaria
60
Q

Species of Phaeohyphomycosis

A

–Exophiala
–Wangiella
–Fonsecaea
–Alternaria

61
Q

Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis lesion characteristics

A

luctuant, tender, blue - gray and had no connection to the surface

62
Q

Microscopic morphology of Wangeilla dermatitidis

A

showing flask -
shaped to cylindrical phialides without distinctive collarettes.
Cultures grow at 42°C.

63
Q

Virulence factors of medically important fungi

A
  • Size: small enough to
    reach alveoli
  • Ability to grow at 37o at
    neutral pH
  • Conversion of mycelial
    form to yeast (or
    spherule)
  • Possibly, toxin
    production, elastases
64
Q

Systemic mycoses

organisms

A
  • Any organ, esp. lung
    – Histoplasma
    – Blastomyces
    – Coccidioides
    – Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
    – Sporothrix
    – Aspergillis
65
Q

Histoplama capsulatum is

Inhalation of what

Exposure to

A

Worldwide
* Inhalation of spores
* Exposure to birds, including chickens and
bats (feces)

66
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Phagocytized by

calcified in

can cause/ blank

A
  • Phagocytized by macrophages
  • Calcification in lungs, liver, spleen
  • Can cause acute pulmonary disease
  • Can reactivate
  • Can disseminate: fatal
67
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum

A
  • Depends upon focus of infection
  • Culture is the gold standard, but takes
    weeks
  • Antigen tests are fairly accurate (sputum,
    urine, blood)
  • May see yeast within macrophages or
    lesions
  • Yeasts may be acid fast
68
Q

Blastomyces causes and is where

A
  • Blastomycosis
  • Aka Gilchrist’s disease, Chicago disease
  • North America, Africa
69
Q

Blastomyces disease and exposure

A
  • Occupational exposure - outdoors
  • Pulmonary disease
  • Multi-organ in immunocompromised
70
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of Blastomyces

A
  • Culture is the gold standard but takes
    weeks
  • Serology not useful due to cross reactivity
    and antigen detection is not sensitive
    (false positives)
  • Presumptive ID depends on visualization
    of broad-based yeast.
71
Q

Coccidiodes immitis causes what and is located where

A
  • Cocccidioidomycosis or valley fever
  • Southwestern US
72
Q

Coccidiodes immitis

most what

a few what

usually blank

detected with

can

A
  • Most virulent
  • A few arthroconidia
  • Usually resolves (6 weeks)
  • Immunity
  • Detected with cocccidioidin skin test
  • Can disseminate
73
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes what
is where

A
  • South American blastomycosis
    (paracoccidioidomycosis)
  • Endemic in central & south America
74
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

is what type of infection

infection symptoms

some strains have

Has what type of wheel

A
  • Chronic, progressive
  • Some strains have proteases
  • Nasal, oropharyngeal lesions, pulmonary
    dissemination
  • Mariner’s wheel in yeast form
75
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

What in compromised

Able to persist in

Blank what ball

Allergic what

Has what toxin

A

–Opportunistic in
compromised
patients=Able to persist in
tissue – especially
lungs
Pulmonary fungus
ball= Growth in lungs with
tissue breakdown (2
elastases)
Allergic
bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis=
Immune response
to inhaled fungi

76
Q

Aspergillus flavus

has what and is usually what

A
  • A. flavus - aflatoxin
  • Other aspergillus usually opportunistic

Medical Microbiology II - 4336 (20 decks)

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