Blakes Mycology flashcards
1
Q
Saprobes
A
An organism esp a fungus that lives on decaying organisms
2
Q
Dimorphisms
A
Existing in two forms
Two phases
- yeast or yeast like
Filamentous forms
3
Q
Teleomorph=
What type of spores
A
Sexual form
- Ascospores
4
Q
Ascospores
A
sexual spores contained within a ascus
5
Q
Anamorphic=
What type of spores
A
Asexual
- conidia-asexual spores
6
Q
Conidia
A
Asexual spores
7
Q
Synanomorphs=
A
More than one asexual form of a fungus
8
Q
Yeast
A
- Unicellular
- Budding= occurs by a process called outpouching
9
Q
Budding
A
Occurs by a process called outpouching
10
Q
Germ tubes
A
Incomplete cell division (the initial stage of true hyphae formation)
- outpouching of the cell wall that becomes tubular but does
not have a constriction
11
Q
Hyphae-
A
long filamentous structure (tube, frequently
branching)
12
Q
Mycelium
A
Mass or network of hyphae
13
Q
Vegetative hyphae
A
Anchors the molds and absorbs nutrients
14
Q
Reproductive hyphae
A
Hyphae with reproductive structures
15
Q
Vegetative mycelium
A
Network or mass of vegetative hyphae
16
Q
Aerial mycelium
A
Mycelium that grows upward or outward from the substrate
17
Q
Septate
A
have dividers between the cells—have pores that
allow cytoplasm and nutrients to flow through
18
Q
Sparsley septate
A
Non-septate
Hyphae cells do not have septa to divide them or
septa are rarely observed
19
Q
Hyaline
A
Non-pigmented hyphae
20
Q
dematiaceous
A
Dark pigment or melanized
21
Q
Four categories of mycoses
A
- Superficial cutaneous mycoses
– Infection of hair, skin, or nails
– No invasion of deeper tissues - Subcutaneous mycoses
– Beneath the skin, but not systemic - Systemic mycoses
- Opportunistic mycoses
22
Q
Superficial cutaneous mycoses
A
Infection of hair, skin, or nails
– No invasion of deeper tissues
23
Q
Subcutaneous mycoses
A
Beneath the skin, but not systemic
24
Q
four of superficial fungi
A
- Superficial – skin, nails, & hair shaft
- Tinea
- Piedra
– Piedraia hortae
– Trichosporon beigelii - Candidosis
- Dermatophytes
– Trichophyton
– Microsporum
– Epidermophyton - Pityriasis versicolor: Malassezia furfur
25
types of Peidra
-Piedraia hortae
– Trichosporon beigelii
26
Dermatophytes
– Trichophyton- hair. Skin, and nails
– Microsporum- hair and skin
– Epidermophyton- skin and nails
27
Pityriasis versicolor causes
Malassezia furfur
28
Malassezia furfur
Multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color from white to tan to brown to pink
29
Mycoses
A disease caused by a fungus
30
Black piedra is caused by
Peidraia hortae
31
white piedra is caused by
Trochosporon beigelii
32
Cutaneous layers
skin, hair nails
* Keratinized layer
* Dermatophytes
–Trichophyton, Epidermophyton,
Microsporum
33
Tinea causes what
(Ringworm) –
caused by
Dermatophytes
34
Tinea barbae
Beard ringworm
35
Tinea Mannum
Hands ringworm
36
Tinea capitis
Scalp or head ringworm
37
Tinea pedis
Feet ( athlete foot)
38
Tinea corporis
Body
39
Onychomycosis
Tinea unguium ( nail infection)
40
Trichophyton rubrum
Causes Tinea corporis, -capitis, -unguium, and -barbae
41
Microconidia-
Small asexual spores
42
Microsporum gypseum
Tinea
capitis and corporis
43
Microsporum canis
* Tinea
corporis,
tinea capitis,
tinea barbae,
tinea
manuum
44
Epidermophyton floccosum
Tinea cruris- of the genitals
tinea pedis,
tinea
corporis,
onychomyco
sis
45
Subcutaneous-
- deeper layers
* Chromoblastomycosis
– Chronic fungal infection of the skin and the
subcutaneous tissue
– Traumatic inoculation of a specific group of
dematiaceous fungi
– Non-healing ulcers
46
Chromoblastomycosis
Causes brown coloration of skin
47
Agents of chromoblastomycosis
– Fonsecaea pedrosoi
– Phialophora verrucosa
– Cladophialophora carrionii
– Rhinocladiella aquaspersa
48
Chromoblastomycosis signs and symptoms
* Brown-pigmented, wart-like lesions
* Verrucous, “cauliflower-like” dermatitis
* Common in tropical and subtropical countries
* Usually as a result of trauma
* Secondary bacterial infection is common
49
Verrucous
Cauliflower like dermatitis
50
Sporothrix
* Sporotrichosis, also known as rose
gardener's disease, a chronic infection
caused by the saprophytic dimorphic
fungus Sporothrix schenckii.
* Usually subcutaneous, but in rare cases,
can disseminate to visceral organs
Moves along lymphatic channels
51
Sporotrichosis is also known as
Rose gardeners disease ( a chronic infection caused by the saprophytic dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii
52
Sporotrichosis is usually
and moves along
* Usually subcutaneous, but in rare cases,
can disseminate to visceral organs
Moves along lymphatic channels
53
Eumycotic mycetoma subcutaneous
* Pseudallescheria boydii
* Acremonium falciforme
* Madurella mycetomatis
* Curvularia spp.
* Exophiala jeanselmi
54
Mycetoma is known as
Madura foot
55
Mycetoma can be where
* Can be anywhere on body, but foot most
common
56
Mycetoma has what
granules composed of what
* Draining sinus tracts that communicate with the
exterior of the body
* Granules composed of aggregates of organism
57
Psudallescheria boydii
cleistothecium releasing ascospores
58
Scedosporium apiospermum
Asexual- anamorph for P.boydii
59
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis
species
* Infection caused by darkly
pigmented fungi
–Exophiala
–Wangiella
–Fonsecaea
–Alternaria
60
Species of Phaeohyphomycosis
–Exophiala
–Wangiella
–Fonsecaea
–Alternaria
61
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis lesion characteristics
luctuant, tender, blue - gray and had no connection to the surface
62
Microscopic morphology of Wangeilla dermatitidis
showing flask -
shaped to cylindrical phialides without distinctive collarettes.
Cultures grow at 42°C.
63
Virulence factors of medically important fungi
* Size: small enough to
reach alveoli
* Ability to grow at 37o at
neutral pH
* Conversion of mycelial
form to yeast (or
spherule)
* Possibly, toxin
production, elastases
64
Systemic mycoses
organisms
* Any organ, esp. lung
– Histoplasma
– Blastomyces
– Coccidioides
– Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
– Sporothrix
– Aspergillis
65
Histoplama capsulatum is
Inhalation of what
Exposure to
Worldwide
* Inhalation of spores
* Exposure to birds, including chickens and
bats (feces)
66
Histoplasma capsulatum
Phagocytized by
calcified in
can cause/ blank
* Phagocytized by macrophages
* Calcification in lungs, liver, spleen
* Can cause acute pulmonary disease
* Can reactivate
* Can disseminate: fatal
67
Laboratory diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum
* Depends upon focus of infection
* Culture is the gold standard, but takes
weeks
* Antigen tests are fairly accurate (sputum,
urine, blood)
* May see yeast within macrophages or
lesions
* Yeasts may be acid fast
68
Blastomyces causes and is where
* Blastomycosis
* Aka Gilchrist’s disease, Chicago disease
* North America, Africa
69
Blastomyces disease and exposure
* Occupational exposure - outdoors
* Pulmonary disease
* Multi-organ in immunocompromised
70
Laboratory diagnosis of Blastomyces
* Culture is the gold standard but takes
weeks
* Serology not useful due to cross reactivity
and antigen detection is not sensitive
(false positives)
* Presumptive ID depends on visualization
of broad-based yeast.
71
Coccidiodes immitis causes what and is located where
* Cocccidioidomycosis or valley fever
* Southwestern US
72
Coccidiodes immitis
most what
a few what
usually blank
detected with
can
* Most virulent
* A few arthroconidia
* Usually resolves (6 weeks)
* Immunity
* Detected with cocccidioidin skin test
* Can disseminate
73
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes what
is where
* South American blastomycosis
(paracoccidioidomycosis)
* Endemic in central & south America
74
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
is what type of infection
infection symptoms
some strains have
Has what type of wheel
* Chronic, progressive
* Some strains have proteases
* Nasal, oropharyngeal lesions, pulmonary
dissemination
* Mariner’s wheel in yeast form
75
Aspergillus fumigatus
What in compromised
Able to persist in
Blank what ball
Allergic what
Has what toxin
--Opportunistic in
compromised
patients=Able to persist in
tissue – especially
lungs
Pulmonary fungus
ball= Growth in lungs with
tissue breakdown (2
elastases)
Allergic
bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis=
Immune response
to inhaled fungi
76
Aspergillus flavus
has what and is usually what
* A. flavus - aflatoxin
* Other aspergillus usually opportunistic
