Test 2 Readings PSYC122

Question 1

Case for nurture- B.F. Skinner

Answer 1

baby says muh after his mum says ‘say mummy’ will get tremendous encouragement- more likely to say muh again and reproduce other sounds- mum will get pickier as time goes on about what she reinforces, shaping speech

Question 2

Case for nature- Chomsky

Answer 2

language development is impossible in such short time with simply reinforcement- use grammatical rules far earlier then they can learn less complicated mental operations- same pace across cultures despite different environments

Question 3

universal grammar- chomsky

Answer 3

shared set of linguistic principles, innate

Question 4

language acquisition device (LAD)- Chomsky

Answer 4

innate set of neural structures for acquiring language

Question 5

time to learn language

Answer 5

up to 3 is deal, after 12 difficult to achieve even near- native capacity

Question 6

telegraphic speech

Answer 6

statement composed of only the the most essential words for meaning

Question 7

Functional amnesia

Answer 7

involves a loss of memory that cannot be attributed to brain injury or any obvious brain disease and is typically classified as a mental disorder rather than a neurological disorder

Question 8

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 8

loss of autobiographical memory from a period of the past in the absence of brain injury or disease

Question 9

organic amnesia

Answer 9

impairment of memory that occurs as a consequence of various types of brain damage (includes retrograde & anterograde)

Question 10

flashbulb memory

Answer 10

vivid personal memories of receiving the news of some momentous (and usually emotional) event

Question 11

pragmatic inferences

Answer 11

a hearer’s understanding of a speaker’s intended meaning

Question 12

memory traces or engrams

Answer 12

A term indicating the change in the nervous system representing an event.

Question 13

consolidation

Answer 13

The process occurring after encoding that is believed to stabilize memory traces.

Question 14

Misinformation effect

Answer 14

When erroneous information occurring after an event is remembered as having been part of the original event.

Question 15

mnemonic devices

Answer 15

memory aids/tricks

Question 16

sensation

Answer 16

physical processing of ongoing environmental stimuli by the sense organs

Question 17

Transduction

Answer 17

The conversion of one form of energy into another.

Question 18

Absolute threshold

Answer 18

The smallest amount of stimulation needed for detection by a sense.

Question 19

Signal detection

Answer 19

Method for studying the ability to correctly identify sensory stimuli.- the way we measure absolute threshold

Question 20

differential threshold

Answer 20

jnd

Question 21

Agnosia

Answer 21

Loss of the ability to perceive stimuli.

Question 22

Ventral pathway

Answer 22

Pathway of visual processing. The “what” pathway.

Question 23

Dorsal pathway

Answer 23

Pathway of visual processing. The “where” pathway.

Question 24

Opponent-process theory

Answer 24

Theory proposing color vision as influenced by cells responsive to pairs of colors.

Question 25

Vestibular system

Answer 25

Parts of the inner ear involved in balance.

Question 26

Somatosensation

Answer 26

Ability to sense touch, pain and temperature.

Question 27

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 27

Mechanical sensory receptors in the skin that response to tactile stimulation.

Question 28

Olfaction

Answer 28

Ability to process olfactory stimuli. Also called smell.

Question 29

Gustation

Answer 29

Ability to process gustatory stimuli. Also called taste.

Question 30

Anosmia

Answer 30

Loss of the ability to smell.