Educ244 test 1, Lecture 4 Flashcards
Medical/Biomedical Model
Attributes illness to single/multiple bodily causes, focuses on individual deficits, leads to diagnosis and intervention (pharmaceutical or behavioral).
DSM-5
“Universal authority” for psychiatric diagnoses, 13 categories of mental disorders, requires meeting certain criteria for diagnosis.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Conditions with impairments in cognition, communication, behavior, and/or motor skills due to brain development.
ADHD Diagnosis (DSM-5)
Persistent pattern of inattention/hyperactivity-impulsivity, impacting functioning or development, requires meeting specific criteria.
Comorbidity/Co-occurrence
Having multiple diagnoses, common in neurodevelopmental conditions, challenges the separation of problems into categories.
Heterogeneity in Diagnosis
Many ways to meet diagnostic criteria, leading to diverse presentations within the same diagnosis.
Overspecification
Increasing number of diagnostic categories (e.g., DSM-5 with 157 disorders), yet “not otherwise specified” (NOS) diagnoses still exist.
5 Key Issues with Diagnosis (Taylor et al. 2020)
Comorbidity, heterogeneity, overspecification, overdiagnosis, stigma.
International Classification of Disease 11 (ICD-11)
Diagnostic system similar to DSM-5, used in some countries, including the USA.
Developmental Context in Diagnosis
Considering how behaviors fit within developmental norms and trajectories.
Diagnosis in Aotearoa
Utilizes DSM-5, faces challenges with access, cultural considerations, and service provision.
Screening
Process to identify individuals at risk for a condition, often less intensive than full diagnosis.
Threshold in Diagnosis
The point at which someone meets enough criteria to receive a diagnosis.
Inattention/Hyperactivity
Key symptom categories in ADHD, with specific criteria that must be met.
“Not Otherwise Specified” (NOS)
Diagnosis when symptoms don’t fully fit other categories, less informative.
