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Psy 101 > Test 2 Part 5 > Flashcards

Test 2 Part 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Attitude

A

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction towards something, someone, exhibited in one’s beliefs, thoughts, feelings, or intended behvaior

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2
Q

Attitudes can be

A

Negative, neutral, and postitive

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3
Q

ABC of attitudes

A

Affect
Behavioral patterns
Cognition

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4
Q

Attitudes affect

A

Our actions

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5
Q

Actions modify

A

Our attitudes

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6
Q

Explicit attitude

A

An attitude that we are aware of, that shapes our conscious choices and actions are are measurable on questionnaires

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7
Q

Explicit attitude example

A

I like Tim Hortons let me go get some now

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8
Q

Implicit attitude

A

An attitude that we are unaware of that may influence our behavior in ways we do not recognize and is measured in various indirect ways

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9
Q

Implicit attitude example

A

Sitting further away from a person who belongs to a group that you have negative implicit attitudes against

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10
Q

2 ways to view persuasive messages

A

Central route persuasion and peripheral route persuasion

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11
Q

Central route persuasion

A

We think hard about a message, we concentrate, and if we’re persuaded, it’s by the logical strength of the arguments

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12
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

We’re persuaded by cues in the message or the situation

Fact but thoughtless change in attitudes

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13
Q

Persuasion example magazine ads

A

Central route-Lots of words about big purchases

Peripheral route-Connects random objects

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14
Q

Key factors of the central route effect

A

Motivation and opportunity

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15
Q

Motivation

A

People will be more likely to process information through the central route when they are highly motivated and when they have the knowledge or expertise to understand the information

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16
Q

Opportunity

A

Central route is effective when people have sufficient time and freedom from distraction, and when the information is not overwhelmingly complex relative tot their knowledge

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17
Q

Peripheral route uses

A

Rule of thumb heuristics

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18
Q

Rule of thumb heuristics examples

A 
Trust the experts
Long messages are credible
Speaker is articulate and appealing
Has apparently good motives
Has several arguments
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19
Q

6 weapons of conformity

A 
Scarcity
Authority
Liking
Social proof
Consistency
Reciprocity
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20
Q

Scarcity

A

Time limits or limited amounts

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21
Q

Authority

A

Authority figures know best so I can trust them

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22
Q

Liking

A

If you like them, we support them and are guilty of saying no.
Sales people draw attention to things you have in common

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23
Q

Social proof

A

(normative social proof) Lots of people like it so I should too. Testimonials

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24
Q

Consistency

A

We want to keep our actions lined up with out words

Foot in the door technique

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25
Q

Foot in the door technique

A

Ask them something, then ask them to volenteer or donate

26
Q

Reciprocity

A

Once you are given something, you must give something back

Door in the face

27
Q

Door in the face technique

A

Have a big unrealistic favor, No

Followed by a simple task. Yes

28
Q

Attitude change

A

The cognitive dissonance theory

29
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory (person and problem

A

Lean Festinger (1919-1989). Helps explain how actions can also modify attitudes

30
Q

Cognitive dissonance is

A

The tension that arises when our attitudes are inconsistent with our behaviors or when we are simultaneously aware of 2 conflicting attitudes

31
Q

Cognitive dissonance results is change because

A

It feels uncomfortable so we are motivated to change something in order to make that feeling go away

32
Q

2 parts of cognitive dissonance

A

Attitude and behavior. One must change to relieve the tension

33
Q

Option 1 example

A

I quit smoking because I value my health

34
Q

Option 2 attitude

A

Smoking is not nearly as dangerous as people say

35
Q

Cognitive dissonance study procedure

A

Participants complete a boring task.
Then were allowed to leave or induced to lie about how fun the task was for 1 or 20 dollars
Later they were asked in the hallway how fun they really thought the task was

36
Q

Cognitive dissonance study results

A

The ones allowed to go said it was boring, those offered 20 were neutral, those offered 1 really thought it was fun

37
Q

Why did the $20 not have an opinion change

A

The money they received was reason enough for them to lie

38
Q

Why did the $1 believe it was fun

A

They couldn’t change their behavior so they changed their opinion so they could be okay with it

39
Q

Cognitive dissonance affects our lives by

A

Justifying unhealthy behavior
Liking the choices we make
Finding meaning in terrible experiences

40
Q

Social influences shape our

A

Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings

41
Q

Social norms

A

Written or unwritten guidelines for how to behave in social context

42
Q

Social rules

A

Specific set of behaviors that are associated with a position in a group

43
Q

Social influences impact

A

Conformity, obedience, and social norms and roles

44
Q

Social influences big question

A

Do our attitudes predict our behaviors

45
Q

Conformity

A

A change in behavior due to the real or imagined influence of others

46
Q

Chameleon effect

A

The nonconscious mimicry of the postures, mannerisms, and facial expressions of one’s interaction partner

47
Q

Chameleon effect study

A

Participants were placed in a room with a confer it who would rub their face or shake their foot. The participant would follow suit

48
Q

Verbal mimicry study procedure

A

Servers mimicked or did not mimic customers by repeating their order back to them

49
Q

Verbal mimicry study results

A

Those who mimicked tipped 81% of the time

Those who were not mimicked tipped 61% of the time ( and half as much)

50
Q

Social pressures study procedure

A

A person was placed in a room with other people and was the last one asked about what lines were a matching length
They would all answer correctly to gain trust and then answer wrong

51
Q

Social pressures study question

A

Does the participant go along and give the wrong answer pr did they give the answer they knew was correct

52
Q

Social pressures study results

A

75% of the participants conformed at least once, giving an answer they knew to be wrong.
37% conformed to societal pressures

53
Q

Obedience

A

Social influence in which a person complies with direct request

54
Q

Obedience to authority

A

To leaders, bosses, parents, police, doctors, experts, teachers

55
Q

Obedience study

A

Milgram’s classic obedience studies and recent variations

56
Q

Why do people conform

A

Need for social acceptance and need for information

57
Q

Normative social influence

A

People sometimes conform because they want to be liked or they fear rejection (Asch’s study)

58
Q

Informational social influence

A

Sometimes people conform to be right: because they believe others know what to do better than they do

59
Q

Social norms are

A

Rules or expectations written or unwritten, on how people should behave

60
Q

How do social roles impact our attitudes and behaviors

A

Phil Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment explains this

Psy 101 (11 decks)

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