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Psy 101 > Test 2 Part 5 > Flashcards

Test 2 Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Attitude

A

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction towards something, someone, exhibited in one’s beliefs, thoughts, feelings, or intended behvaior

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2
Q

Attitudes can be

A

Negative, neutral, and postitive

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3
Q

ABC of attitudes

A

Affect
Behavioral patterns
Cognition

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4
Q

Attitudes affect

A

Our actions

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5
Q

Actions modify

A

Our attitudes

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6
Q

Explicit attitude

A

An attitude that we are aware of, that shapes our conscious choices and actions are are measurable on questionnaires

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7
Q

Explicit attitude example

A

I like Tim Hortons let me go get some now

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8
Q

Implicit attitude

A

An attitude that we are unaware of that may influence our behavior in ways we do not recognize and is measured in various indirect ways

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9
Q

Implicit attitude example

A

Sitting further away from a person who belongs to a group that you have negative implicit attitudes against

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10
Q

2 ways to view persuasive messages

A

Central route persuasion and peripheral route persuasion

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11
Q

Central route persuasion

A

We think hard about a message, we concentrate, and if we’re persuaded, it’s by the logical strength of the arguments

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12
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

We’re persuaded by cues in the message or the situation

Fact but thoughtless change in attitudes

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13
Q

Persuasion example magazine ads

A

Central route-Lots of words about big purchases

Peripheral route-Connects random objects

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14
Q

Key factors of the central route effect

A

Motivation and opportunity

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15
Q

Motivation

A

People will be more likely to process information through the central route when they are highly motivated and when they have the knowledge or expertise to understand the information

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16
Q

Opportunity

A

Central route is effective when people have sufficient time and freedom from distraction, and when the information is not overwhelmingly complex relative tot their knowledge

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17
Q

Peripheral route uses

A

Rule of thumb heuristics

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18
Q

Rule of thumb heuristics examples

A 
Trust the experts
Long messages are credible
Speaker is articulate and appealing
Has apparently good motives
Has several arguments
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19
Q

6 weapons of conformity

A 
Scarcity
Authority
Liking
Social proof
Consistency
Reciprocity
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20
Q

Scarcity

A

Time limits or limited amounts

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21
Q

Authority

A

Authority figures know best so I can trust them

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22
Q

Liking

A

If you like them, we support them and are guilty of saying no.
Sales people draw attention to things you have in common

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23
Q

Social proof

A

(normative social proof) Lots of people like it so I should too. Testimonials

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24
Q

Consistency

A

We want to keep our actions lined up with out words

Foot in the door technique

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25
Foot in the door technique
Ask them something, then ask them to volenteer or donate
26
Reciprocity
Once you are given something, you must give something back | Door in the face
27
Door in the face technique
Have a big unrealistic favor, No | Followed by a simple task. Yes
28
Attitude change
The cognitive dissonance theory
29
Cognitive dissonance theory (person and problem
Lean Festinger (1919-1989). Helps explain how actions can also modify attitudes
30
Cognitive dissonance is
The tension that arises when our attitudes are inconsistent with our behaviors or when we are simultaneously aware of 2 conflicting attitudes
31
Cognitive dissonance results is change because
It feels uncomfortable so we are motivated to change something in order to make that feeling go away
32
2 parts of cognitive dissonance
Attitude and behavior. One must change to relieve the tension
33
Option 1 example
I quit smoking because I value my health
34
Option 2 attitude
Smoking is not nearly as dangerous as people say
35
Cognitive dissonance study procedure
Participants complete a boring task. Then were allowed to leave or induced to lie about how fun the task was for 1 or 20 dollars Later they were asked in the hallway how fun they really thought the task was
36
Cognitive dissonance study results
The ones allowed to go said it was boring, those offered 20 were neutral, those offered 1 really thought it was fun
37
Why did the $20 not have an opinion change
The money they received was reason enough for them to lie
38
Why did the $1 believe it was fun
They couldn't change their behavior so they changed their opinion so they could be okay with it
39
Cognitive dissonance affects our lives by
Justifying unhealthy behavior Liking the choices we make Finding meaning in terrible experiences
40
Social influences shape our
Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings
41
Social norms
Written or unwritten guidelines for how to behave in social context
42
Social rules
Specific set of behaviors that are associated with a position in a group
43
Social influences impact
Conformity, obedience, and social norms and roles
44
Social influences big question
Do our attitudes predict our behaviors
45
Conformity
A change in behavior due to the real or imagined influence of others
46
Chameleon effect
The nonconscious mimicry of the postures, mannerisms, and facial expressions of one's interaction partner
47
Chameleon effect study
Participants were placed in a room with a confer it who would rub their face or shake their foot. The participant would follow suit
48
Verbal mimicry study procedure
Servers mimicked or did not mimic customers by repeating their order back to them
49
Verbal mimicry study results
Those who mimicked tipped 81% of the time | Those who were not mimicked tipped 61% of the time ( and half as much)
50
Social pressures study procedure
A person was placed in a room with other people and was the last one asked about what lines were a matching length They would all answer correctly to gain trust and then answer wrong
51
Social pressures study question
Does the participant go along and give the wrong answer pr did they give the answer they knew was correct
52
Social pressures study results
75% of the participants conformed at least once, giving an answer they knew to be wrong. 37% conformed to societal pressures
53
Obedience
Social influence in which a person complies with direct request
54
Obedience to authority
To leaders, bosses, parents, police, doctors, experts, teachers
55
Obedience study
Milgram's classic obedience studies and recent variations
56
Why do people conform
Need for social acceptance and need for information
57
Normative social influence
People sometimes conform because they want to be liked or they fear rejection (Asch's study)
58
Informational social influence
Sometimes people conform to be right: because they believe others know what to do better than they do
59
Social norms are
Rules or expectations written or unwritten, on how people should behave
60
How do social roles impact our attitudes and behaviors
Phil Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment explains this

Psy 101 (11 decks)

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