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Psy 101 > Class 5 > Flashcards

Class 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

An inferred process within a person or animal that
causes movement either toward a goal or away from an
unpleasant situation

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2
Q

Theories of motivation

A

An over-arching explanation for why

people do the things that they do

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3
Q

Motives can be

A

Biological, emotional, cognitive and sociocultural

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4
Q

Instincts

A

Automatic, involuntary,
and unlearned behavior
patterns triggered by particular
stimuli

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5
Q

Fixed action plan

A

An instinctual
behavioural sequence that’s relatively
invariant within the species

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6
Q

Releaser

A

is the triggering stimulus –

what cues the fixed action pattern

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7
Q

Fixed action plan example

A

Mother turkey will respond to the cheep cheep of a baby or a predator

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8
Q

Humans operate on

A

Dives instead of fixed action plans

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9
Q

Drives

A 
A biological trigger that 
tells us we may be deprived of 
something and causes us to seek 
out what is needed, such as food 
or water
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10
Q

Primary drives

A

are innate like thirst, hunger, and sex

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11
Q

Secondary drives

A

are needs that have been conditioned to have

meaning like money

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12
Q

Behaviors that satisfy multiple drives

A

are learned more quickly
than those which satisfy only a
single drive

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13
Q

Incentives

A

are the stimuli we
seek that can satisfy drives such
as food, water, social approval,
companionship, and other needs

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14
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

We feel unpleasant tension
when we stray from homeostasis
and become motivated to restore it

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15
Q

1950’s motivation

A

Focused of biological drives. We now know there is more than this

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16
Q

Arousal theory

A

Humans are motivated to engage
in behaviors that either increase
or decrease arousal levels

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17
Q

High arousal levels motivate

A

engagement in behaviours that

will lower these levels

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18
Q

Low arousal levels motivate

A

activities that can increase
arousal—often through curiosity
(e.g., exploring the unfamiliar)

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19
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

Performance increases with arousal to a point, beyond which performance decreases. Represented by a bell shaped curve

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20
Q

Yerkes Dodson for simple tasks

A

Performance improves as arousal increases

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21
Q

Yerkes Dodson for complex tasks

A

The relationship between arousal and performance reverses after a point, and the performance declines as arousal increases

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22
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self actualization

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23
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Believed that individuals possess a constant growing inner drive that has great potential

24
Q

Self determination theory

A

People have 3 primary motives

25
Q

3 motives of self determination theory

A

Autonomy
Relatedness
Competence

26
Q

Autonomy

A

To cause outcomes in your own life. Act consistently with your self-concept

27
Q

Relatedness

A

To feel connected with others who are important to you. Care for others and experience caring

28
Q

Competence

A

To feel mastery over your life. To perform tasks at a satisfying level

29
Q

Distinction in the self determination theory

A

Extrinsic vs intrinsic motivation

30
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

A person tends to do a task mainly because doing so will yield some kind of reward of benefit upon completion

31
Q

Performance motivation

A

The same as extrinsic

32
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Doing something purely because of enjoyment and fun. Hobbies

33
Q

Mastery motivation

A

The same as intrinsic

34
Q

Over justification effect

A

The addition of external motivation can undermine internal motivation

35
Q

Self efficacy

A

Confidence that one can plan and execute a course of action. Self fulfilling prophecies

36
Q

Applications of self determination theory

A

Over justification effect and self efficacy

37
Q

Approach and avoidance goals

A

Some people are more motivated by gaining or approaching good outcomes and other people are more motivated by avoiding bad ones

38
Q

Approach goals

A

Are enjoyable and pleasant incentives we are drawn toward. Such as praise or financial award

39
Q

Avoidance goals

A

Unpleasant outcomes such as shame, embarrassment or emotional pain, which we try to avoid

40
Q

Approach-approach conflicts

A

Conflicts occur when you are equally attracted to two or more possible goals

41
Q

Avoidance-avoidance conflicts

A

Conflicts that require you to choose the lesser of two evils

42
Q

Approach-avoidance conflicts

A

Conflicts that occur when a single activity or goal has both a positive and negative aspect

43
Q

Hunger

A

The need to consume enough nutrients so that you have enough energy to function

44
Q

Brain parts in eating

A

Ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus

45
Q

Ventromedial hypothalmus

A

Stimulation reduces eating, destruction causes over eating. The off switch

46
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

Stimulation increases eating, destruction leads to starvation. The on switch

47
Q

The biology of weight

A

research does not support the idea that people who are overweight are emotionally disturbed

48
Q

Body weight and genes

A

They play a big role in weight

49
Q

Set point

A

Genetically influenced weight range for an individual. Varies 10% of body weight either way.

50
Q

Basal metabolism rate

A

Regulates set point. The rate at which the body burns calories for energy

51
Q

Varied body weight and metabolism

A 
When your body falls below your 
“set point” weight, increased 
hunger and a lowered metabolic 
rate may combine to restore lost 
weight (and vice versa)
52
Q

Obesity genes

A

Mutations in the ob gene may cause obesity.

53
Q

OB gene

A

Causes fat cells to not secrete the protein leptin which tells our bodies we are full. Therefore leading to over eating

54
Q

Why do we like certain foods

A

We have special receptors for fatty foods, granulated sugar triggers dopamine

55
Q

Obesity in Canada

A

Increases over the years and is not fully accounted for by genes.

56
Q

Obesity in Canada stats

A

26% of women and 35% of men

57
Q

Genes and body chemicals that play a role in eating

A
  • Receptors in nose and mouth that urge us to eat
  • Receptors in gut that urge us to stop eating
  • Hormone ghrelin makes you hungry
  • Leptin turns off appetite
  • Sugar activates pleasure-inducing dopamine pathway

Psy 101 (11 decks)

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