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Psy 101 > Test 2 part 3 > Flashcards

Test 2 part 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Type A personality

A

People who tend to be organized but, impatient and worry about time, and are ambitious, motivate, and competitive but easily angered

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2
Q

Type B personality

A

People who are more laid back and characterized by a patient, easygoing and relaxed disposition

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3
Q

1950’s coronary issues and personality

A

Doctors noted that people with Type A personalities tended to develop conronary problems earlier than type B/

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4
Q

Current coronary issues and personality

A

Has to do with hostility after studying 3000 men age 30-59

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5
Q

Cynical and antagonistic hostility

A

People who are mistrustful of others and always ready to provoke mean, furious arguments

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6
Q

Change aspect people

A

Holmes and Rahe 1967

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7
Q

Change aspect

A

Stress is the degree to which people have to change and readjust their lives in response to external events.
Can be positive or negative

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8
Q

Social readjustment rating score

A

A quantifying scale for the amounts of stress due to different life amounts.

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9
Q

Most stress correlates with

A

Anxiety and illness

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10
Q

300 of more life change units

A

High likelihood of having negative health effects

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11
Q

150 life change units

A

A 50/50 chance for having negative health effects

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12
Q

Problem with the social readjustment rating score

A

How we respond to stress has an effect on our health more than the event does

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13
Q

Richard Lazarus

A

Proposed it is subjective stress that caused health problems. Created a scale where he asked people to rate how stressful they thought an event was

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14
Q

Microstressors

A

Coined by Lazarus. Cumulative effects of stress

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15
Q

Stress is…

A

Cumulative

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16
Q

The most stressful circumstances are those that

A

You have no control over

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17
Q

Control and aggression study

A

Participants completed surveys while they experienced a loud or normal noise, but some were able to turn off the loud noise if they wanted

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18
Q

Loud noise

A

95 db. Jackhammer at 50 ft

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19
Q

Quiet noise

A

55 db. Between a whisper and normal conversation

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20
Q

Part 2

A

Participants were then provoked by the experimenter and given a chance to behave aggressively towards another subject in an experimental task

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21
Q

Control and aggression study results

A

People were much more aggressive in the noisy environment-But not if they felt they could cope with it

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22
Q

A lack of control means

A

We don’t believe we have the resources to deal with the situation

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23
Q

Feelings of control reduce

A

The connection between stressors and health.

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24
Q

Locus of control

A

A general expectation about whether the results of your actions are under your own control or beyond your control

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25
Q

External locus

A

Things past your control

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26
Q

Internal locus

A

Things are under my control

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27
Q

Appraisals of stress

A

Schachter and singer. An event is stressful for people only if they interpret it as such

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28
Q

Recall by Richard Lazarus

A

Suggested that it’s subjective stress that causes health problems

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29
Q

Appraisal

A

The cognitive act of assessing and evaluation the potential threat and demands of an event

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30
Q

Appraisal determines

A

Why people have different stress responses to the same stressors

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31
Q

Challenge response

A

When we think we have the resources to overcome the stressor

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32
Q

Threat response

A

When we think we don’t have the resources to overcome the stressor

33
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Is the problem a threat or not

34
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Do I have the adequate resources to deal with the threat

35
Q

Threat response health

A

Increase anxiety, vasoconstriction, constricted airflow, glucose depletion

36
Q

Challenge response health

A

Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased glucose production

37
Q

2 categories of coping

A

Problem focused and emotion focused

38
Q

Problem focused

A

Attempting to reduce stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

39
Q

Emotion focused

A

Trying to find ways of reducing effects of negative emotions

40
Q

Coping strategy 1

A

Deal with micro stressors in you life that you can change and control

41
Q

Coping falls under the umbrella of

A

Positive psychology

42
Q

Positive psychology

A

Examines how positive emotions and personality traits enhance well-being, health and resilience

43
Q

Coping strategy 2

A

Intentionally participate in activities that put you in a positive mood

44
Q

Fredrickson positive psychology study procedure

A

Showed 4 subjects an anxiety provoking film, then a film of amusement, contentment, no emotion or sadness

45
Q

Fredrickson positive psychology study procedure results

A

Amusement-Great recovery
Contentment-Most recovery
Neutral-Some recovery
Sadness-No recovery

46
Q

Nun study procedure

A

A longitudinal study of 180 Catholic nuns note books were examined and compared to their life life

47
Q

Nun study outcome

A

Nuns whose life stories contained the most words describing positive emotions lived on average 7 years longer

48
Q

Positive emotions counteract

A

High arousals levels caused by negative emotions or chronic stress

49
Q

Coping strategy 3

A

Adopt an optimistic outlook on life

50
Q

Optimism

A

The general expectation that things will go well despite setbacks

51
Q

Pessimism

A

The tendency to have a negative perception of life and expect negative outcomes

52
Q

Relative to pessimists, optimists tend to…

A 
Have lower HPA activation in response to stress
Be less vulnerable to illness
Live longer
Be more active problem solvers
Don't give up or escape
Keep a sense of humor
53
Q

Pessimistic attribution style

A

Negative-Bad things will happen
Internal-They’re my fault
Stable-They’re not going to change

54
Q

People with a pessimistic explanatory style

A

Are more likely to get depressed
More vulnerable to illness
More likely to develop heart disease

55
Q

Coping strategy 4

A

Relaxation.

56
Q

Relaxation can help with these physical symptoms

A

Headaches, high blood pressure, anxiety, and insomnia

57
Q

Relax training

A

Has been used to help type A personality heart attach survivors reduce their risk of future heart attacks

58
Q

Coping strategy 5

A

Religious involvement. Leads to people living longer

59
Q

Reasons why religion increases life length

A

Increases healthy behaviors, social support, and positive emotions leading to overall better health

60
Q

Coping strategy 6

A

Forgiveness as a strategy to let go of grudges reduces physiological arousal and restores feelings of control

61
Q

Physical symptoms of holding grudges

A

Increased blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance

62
Q

Coping strategy 7

A

Confession

63
Q

Confession

A

Divulging private thoughts that make you feel ashamed or depressed

64
Q

Confession study

A

Students who wrote down deepest feelings and thoughts about coming to college had fewer bouts of flu than those who wrote about trivial topics

65
Q

Coping strategy 8

A

Spend outside tome

66
Q

Research of 20 minutes outside a day

A

Sitting or walking in a place that resembles nature 3 times a week reduces cortisol levels

67
Q

Earthing (grounding)

A

Spending a period of time physically connected to the ground. No shoes, wood etc

68
Q

Grounding effects

A

Resynchronizes cortisol hormone secretion in alignment with the natural 24 hour circadian rhythm profile

69
Q

A proper circadian rhythm promotes

A

Better sleep and reduces pain and stress (anxiety, depression, irritability)

70
Q

Coping strategy 8

A

Exercise

71
Q

Benefits of aerobic exercise

A

Lessens the negative effects of stress and has a host of positive physical and psychological health benefits

72
Q

Increased exercise leads to increased

A

Levels of dopamine, epinephrine, and brain growth proteins in the nervous system that promotes survival, growth, and synaptic formation

73
Q

Coping strategy 10

A

Maintain social connections

74
Q

Chronic social isolation leads to

A

Mortality risks as great as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure

75
Q

Having social connection leads to a decrease of

A

Early death by 50%

76
Q

Loneliness in the states

A

Has been declared an epidemic deadlier than obesity

77
Q

Social support leads to

A

Lower blood pressure,
Lower cortisol
Better immune system functioning to fight illness
Less stress

78
Q

Covid lockdowns

A

Only reduced the risk of COVID by 0.2%. A study done by John Hopkins

Psy 101 (11 decks)

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