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Psy 101 > Test 2 part 3 > Flashcards

Test 2 part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Type A personality

A

People who tend to be organized but, impatient and worry about time, and are ambitious, motivate, and competitive but easily angered

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2
Q

Type B personality

A

People who are more laid back and characterized by a patient, easygoing and relaxed disposition

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3
Q

1950’s coronary issues and personality

A

Doctors noted that people with Type A personalities tended to develop conronary problems earlier than type B/

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4
Q

Current coronary issues and personality

A

Has to do with hostility after studying 3000 men age 30-59

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5
Q

Cynical and antagonistic hostility

A

People who are mistrustful of others and always ready to provoke mean, furious arguments

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6
Q

Change aspect people

A

Holmes and Rahe 1967

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7
Q

Change aspect

A

Stress is the degree to which people have to change and readjust their lives in response to external events.
Can be positive or negative

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8
Q

Social readjustment rating score

A

A quantifying scale for the amounts of stress due to different life amounts.

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9
Q

Most stress correlates with

A

Anxiety and illness

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10
Q

300 of more life change units

A

High likelihood of having negative health effects

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11
Q

150 life change units

A

A 50/50 chance for having negative health effects

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12
Q

Problem with the social readjustment rating score

A

How we respond to stress has an effect on our health more than the event does

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13
Q

Richard Lazarus

A

Proposed it is subjective stress that caused health problems. Created a scale where he asked people to rate how stressful they thought an event was

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14
Q

Microstressors

A

Coined by Lazarus. Cumulative effects of stress

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15
Q

Stress is…

A

Cumulative

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16
Q

The most stressful circumstances are those that

A

You have no control over

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17
Q

Control and aggression study

A

Participants completed surveys while they experienced a loud or normal noise, but some were able to turn off the loud noise if they wanted

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18
Q

Loud noise

A

95 db. Jackhammer at 50 ft

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19
Q

Quiet noise

A

55 db. Between a whisper and normal conversation

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20
Q

Part 2

A

Participants were then provoked by the experimenter and given a chance to behave aggressively towards another subject in an experimental task

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21
Q

Control and aggression study results

A

People were much more aggressive in the noisy environment-But not if they felt they could cope with it

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22
Q

A lack of control means

A

We don’t believe we have the resources to deal with the situation

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23
Q

Feelings of control reduce

A

The connection between stressors and health.

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24
Q

Locus of control

A

A general expectation about whether the results of your actions are under your own control or beyond your control

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25
External locus
Things past your control
26
Internal locus
Things are under my control
27
Appraisals of stress
Schachter and singer. An event is stressful for people only if they interpret it as such
28
Recall by Richard Lazarus
Suggested that it's subjective stress that causes health problems
29
Appraisal
The cognitive act of assessing and evaluation the potential threat and demands of an event
30
Appraisal determines
Why people have different stress responses to the same stressors
31
Challenge response
When we think we have the resources to overcome the stressor
32
Threat response
When we think we don't have the resources to overcome the stressor
33
Primary appraisal
Is the problem a threat or not
34
Secondary appraisal
Do I have the adequate resources to deal with the threat
35
Threat response health
Increase anxiety, vasoconstriction, constricted airflow, glucose depletion
36
Challenge response health
Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased glucose production
37
2 categories of coping
Problem focused and emotion focused
38
Problem focused
Attempting to reduce stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
39
Emotion focused
Trying to find ways of reducing effects of negative emotions
40
Coping strategy 1
Deal with micro stressors in you life that you can change and control
41
Coping falls under the umbrella of
Positive psychology
42
Positive psychology
Examines how positive emotions and personality traits enhance well-being, health and resilience
43
Coping strategy 2
Intentionally participate in activities that put you in a positive mood
44
Fredrickson positive psychology study procedure
Showed 4 subjects an anxiety provoking film, then a film of amusement, contentment, no emotion or sadness
45
Fredrickson positive psychology study procedure results
Amusement-Great recovery Contentment-Most recovery Neutral-Some recovery Sadness-No recovery
46
Nun study procedure
A longitudinal study of 180 Catholic nuns note books were examined and compared to their life life
47
Nun study outcome
Nuns whose life stories contained the most words describing positive emotions lived on average 7 years longer
48
Positive emotions counteract
High arousals levels caused by negative emotions or chronic stress
49
Coping strategy 3
Adopt an optimistic outlook on life
50
Optimism
The general expectation that things will go well despite setbacks
51
Pessimism
The tendency to have a negative perception of life and expect negative outcomes
52
Relative to pessimists, optimists tend to...
``` Have lower HPA activation in response to stress Be less vulnerable to illness Live longer Be more active problem solvers Don't give up or escape Keep a sense of humor ```
53
Pessimistic attribution style
Negative-Bad things will happen Internal-They're my fault Stable-They're not going to change
54
People with a pessimistic explanatory style
Are more likely to get depressed More vulnerable to illness More likely to develop heart disease
55
Coping strategy 4
Relaxation.
56
Relaxation can help with these physical symptoms
Headaches, high blood pressure, anxiety, and insomnia
57
Relax training
Has been used to help type A personality heart attach survivors reduce their risk of future heart attacks
58
Coping strategy 5
Religious involvement. Leads to people living longer
59
Reasons why religion increases life length
Increases healthy behaviors, social support, and positive emotions leading to overall better health
60
Coping strategy 6
Forgiveness as a strategy to let go of grudges reduces physiological arousal and restores feelings of control
61
Physical symptoms of holding grudges
Increased blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance
62
Coping strategy 7
Confession
63
Confession
Divulging private thoughts that make you feel ashamed or depressed
64
Confession study
Students who wrote down deepest feelings and thoughts about coming to college had fewer bouts of flu than those who wrote about trivial topics
65
Coping strategy 8
Spend outside tome
66
Research of 20 minutes outside a day
Sitting or walking in a place that resembles nature 3 times a week reduces cortisol levels
67
Earthing (grounding)
Spending a period of time physically connected to the ground. No shoes, wood etc
68
Grounding effects
Resynchronizes cortisol hormone secretion in alignment with the natural 24 hour circadian rhythm profile
69
A proper circadian rhythm promotes
Better sleep and reduces pain and stress (anxiety, depression, irritability)
70
Coping strategy 8
Exercise
71
Benefits of aerobic exercise
Lessens the negative effects of stress and has a host of positive physical and psychological health benefits
72
Increased exercise leads to increased
Levels of dopamine, epinephrine, and brain growth proteins in the nervous system that promotes survival, growth, and synaptic formation
73
Coping strategy 10
Maintain social connections
74
Chronic social isolation leads to
Mortality risks as great as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure
75
Having social connection leads to a decrease of
Early death by 50%
76
Loneliness in the states
Has been declared an epidemic deadlier than obesity
77
Social support leads to
Lower blood pressure, Lower cortisol Better immune system functioning to fight illness Less stress
78
Covid lockdowns
Only reduced the risk of COVID by 0.2%. A study done by John Hopkins

Psy 101 (11 decks)

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