Class 3

Question 1

Concrete operational

Answer 1

Logical thinking and number manipulation. Still grounded in concrete experiences and concepts. Able to reason logically about concrete events, understand analogies, and perform mathematical transformations

Question 2

Concrete operational can understand

Answer 2

Conservation, reversibility, and cause and effect, mathematics (+-x/), categorize and order things

Question 3

Nature of identily

Answer 3

Concrete operational stage. A girl doesn’t become a boy wearing a boys hat

Question 4

Formal operational

Answer 4

Think and understand abstract reasoning ( peace and justice), hypothetical thinking about choices and consequences

Question 5

Current views on congitive development

Answer 5

Revisions to piaget

Question 6

Cognitive abilities are

Answer 6

Continous overlapping waves rather than stanges

Question 7

Infants now

Answer 7

Reveal cognitive abilities much earlier than piaget thought possible, they understand basic physical principles

Question 8

Preschoolers misconceptions

Answer 8

They are not as egocentric as thought. Have a developing theory of mind.

Question 9

Theory of mind

Answer 9

a system of beliefs about how one’s own mind and the minds of others work and how individuals are affected by their beliefs and feelings

Question 10

Cognitive development is influenced by

Answer 10

A child’s culture and education. Emphasized by vygotsky.

Question 11

Infants are intuitive physicists

Answer 11

Using the eye gaze test they found that they look longer at impossible scenes and physical impossibilities and unexpected number of toys (understand numbers)

Question 12

Bottom line of infants

Answer 12

They look longer at the objects that violate the laws they know. Surprise indicates that their
expectations were violated

Question 13

Can infants understand speech?

Answer 13

Yes at about 5 months

Question 14

False belief test procedure

Answer 14

An object is placed in location A and then person 1 leaves, the object is moved to location B and person 1 returns.

Question 15

False belief test results

Answer 15

Egocentric kids believe person 1 will look in B, and non egocentric believe they’ll look in A

Question 16

Egocentrism ends at

Answer 16

Ages 3.5-4.5, 4-5 kids predict false beliefs of friends

Question 17

Reading mind eye test

Answer 17

Looking at the eyes to determine the emotion of a person. Less common in western culture

Question 18

Vygotsky

Answer 18

Lived at the same time as Piaget and proposed a social development theory that heavily focus’ on social cultural influences

Question 19

Sociocultural influences

Answer 19

The child’s mind grows through interactions with the social environment

Question 20

Moral development

Answer 20

Morals and ethics give guidelines for behaviors of what is appropriate

Question 21

Piaget and morals

Answer 21

Children understand right from wrong and it develops as a their cognitive ability grows

Question 22

Kids as young as 3 can differentiate

Answer 22

Morals, conventional, personal

Question 23

Conventional

Answer 23

Applies to certain groups, changeable, based on agreed upon norms

Question 24

Morals

Answer 24

Morals applies to everyone, can’t be changed, based on their values

Question 25

Personal

Answer 25

applies to individuals; changeable; based on preferences of specific person

Question 26

Kohlberg's stage theory of morality

Answer 26

Most influential theory for moral reasoning, build off of Piaget

Question 27

Kohlberg's stage theory of morality suggest kids

Answer 27

moral judgments derive from their cognitive development

Question 28

How did Kohlberg research

Answer 28

He asked a variety of people moral dilemmas and studied their responses

Question 29

3 levels of Kohlberg's theory

Answer 29

Each level has 2 stages 1. Preconventional morality 2. Conventional morality 3. Post conventional morality

Question 30

Preconventional morality

Answer 30

Before 9 years old. Compliance with the rules to avoid consequences and gain reward

Question 31

Conventional morality

Answer 31

Late childhood to early teens. Conformity to rules defined by others approval or societies roles. Loyal to a group

Question 32

Post conventional morality

Answer 32

Adolescence on. Moral reason basis of individual principles and consequences. Morality is based on internalized abstract principles of justice and individual rights

Question 33

Flaws in Kohlberg

Answer 33

Not universal as not all societies reach level 3. Doesn't apply to women (this was disproven)

Question 34

Haidt

Answer 34

Current major social psychologist. Revolutionized moral psychology. Proposed the social institutional approch

Question 35

Social institutional approach

Answer 35

Morality is based on a gut emotion reaction.

Question 36

Social institutional approach procidure

Answer 36

A senecio that seemed clearly morally wrong was presented but there was no actual harm in it

Question 37

Social institutional approach response

Answer 37

After the initial response all people tried to find ways to justify their reaction, after not being able to they said it was "just wrong"

Question 38

Disgust sensitivity

Answer 38

It is wrong because its wrong. Plays a large role in politics

Question 39

Emotional intuition

Answer 39

The first reaction to an experience. The arguments to back up this response are not rational

Question 40

Social intuition model (moral foundations theory)

Answer 40

Moral judgements are guided by intuitive emotion, later we think about. Reactions influence subsequent choice making

Question 41

Emotions and decison making

Answer 41

Help and hurt situations. Can be hot and cold cognition

Question 42

Motivated reasoning

Answer 42

Hot and cold cognition

Question 43

Hot cognition

Answer 43

mental processes driven by our desires and feelings... cases where our goals and moods color our judgments

Question 44

Cold cognition

Answer 44

relatively intellectual, information-driven processes.

Question 45

The trolly problem

Answer 45

Pull a lever and save 5 people by killing one, most said they would. Push a fat man off a bridge, saving 5 people but killing 1. Most would not

Question 46

Why the trolly problem

Answer 46

Incidental versus deliberate actions. Our moral actions and empathy tells us that killing someone is wrong