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Psy 101 > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Concrete operational

A

Logical thinking and number manipulation. Still grounded in concrete experiences and concepts. Able to reason logically about concrete events, understand analogies, and perform mathematical transformations

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2
Q

Concrete operational can understand

A

Conservation, reversibility, and cause and effect, mathematics (+-x/), categorize and order things

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3
Q

Nature of identily

A

Concrete operational stage. A girl doesn’t become a boy wearing a boys hat

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4
Q

Formal operational

A

Think and understand abstract reasoning ( peace and justice), hypothetical thinking about choices and consequences

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5
Q

Current views on congitive development

A

Revisions to piaget

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6
Q

Cognitive abilities are

A

Continous overlapping waves rather than stanges

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7
Q

Infants now

A

Reveal cognitive abilities much earlier than piaget thought possible, they understand basic physical principles

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8
Q

Preschoolers misconceptions

A

They are not as egocentric as thought. Have a developing theory of mind.

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9
Q

Theory of mind

A

a system of beliefs about how one’s own mind and the minds of others work and how individuals are affected by their beliefs and feelings

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10
Q

Cognitive development is influenced by

A

A child’s culture and education. Emphasized by vygotsky.

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11
Q

Infants are intuitive physicists

A

Using the eye gaze test they found that they look longer at impossible scenes and physical impossibilities and unexpected number of toys (understand numbers)

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12
Q

Bottom line of infants

A

They look longer at the objects that violate the laws they know. Surprise indicates that their
expectations were violated

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13
Q

Can infants understand speech?

A

Yes at about 5 months

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14
Q

False belief test procedure

A

An object is placed in location A and then person 1 leaves, the object is moved to location B and person 1 returns.

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15
Q

False belief test results

A

Egocentric kids believe person 1 will look in B, and non egocentric believe they’ll look in A

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16
Q

Egocentrism ends at

A

Ages 3.5-4.5, 4-5 kids predict false beliefs of friends

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17
Q

Reading mind eye test

A

Looking at the eyes to determine the emotion of a person. Less common in western culture

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18
Q

Vygotsky

A

Lived at the same time as Piaget and proposed a social development theory that heavily focus’ on social cultural influences

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19
Q

Sociocultural influences

A

The child’s mind grows through interactions with the social environment

20
Q

Moral development

A

Morals and ethics give guidelines for behaviors of what is appropriate

21
Q

Piaget and morals

A

Children understand right from wrong and it develops as a their cognitive ability grows

22
Q

Kids as young as 3 can differentiate

A

Morals, conventional, personal

23
Q

Conventional

A

Applies to certain groups, changeable, based on agreed upon norms

24
Q

Morals

A

Morals applies to everyone, can’t be changed, based on their values

25
Q

Personal

A

applies to individuals; changeable; based on preferences of specific person

26
Q

Kohlberg’s stage theory of morality

A

Most influential theory for moral reasoning, build off of Piaget

27
Q

Kohlberg’s stage theory of morality suggest kids

A

moral judgments derive from their cognitive development

28
Q

How did Kohlberg research

A

He asked a variety of people moral dilemmas and studied their responses

29
Q

3 levels of Kohlberg’s theory

A

Each level has 2 stages

  1. Preconventional morality
  2. Conventional morality
  3. Post conventional morality
30
Q

Preconventional morality

A

Before 9 years old. Compliance with the rules to avoid consequences and gain reward

31
Q

Conventional morality

A

Late childhood to early teens. Conformity to rules defined by others approval or societies roles. Loyal to a group

32
Q

Post conventional morality

A

Adolescence on. Moral reason basis of individual principles and consequences. Morality is based on internalized abstract principles of justice and
individual rights

33
Q

Flaws in Kohlberg

A

Not universal as not all societies reach level 3. Doesn’t apply to women (this was disproven)

34
Q

Haidt

A

Current major social psychologist. Revolutionized moral psychology. Proposed the social institutional approch

35
Q

Social institutional approach

A

Morality is based on a gut emotion reaction.

36
Q

Social institutional approach procidure

A

A senecio that seemed clearly morally wrong was presented but there was no actual harm in it

37
Q

Social institutional approach response

A

After the initial response all people tried to find ways to justify their reaction, after not being able to they said it was “just wrong”

38
Q

Disgust sensitivity

A

It is wrong because its wrong. Plays a large role in politics

39
Q

Emotional intuition

A

The first reaction to an experience. The arguments to back up this response are not rational

40
Q

Social intuition model (moral foundations theory)

A

Moral judgements are guided by intuitive emotion, later we think about. Reactions influence subsequent choice making

41
Q

Emotions and decison making

A

Help and hurt situations. Can be hot and cold cognition

42
Q

Motivated reasoning

A

Hot and cold cognition

43
Q

Hot cognition

A

mental processes driven by our desires and feelings… cases where our goals and moods color our judgments

44
Q

Cold cognition

A

relatively intellectual, information-driven processes.

45
Q

The trolly problem

A

Pull a lever and save 5 people by killing one, most said they would. Push a fat man off a bridge, saving 5 people but killing 1. Most would not

46
Q

Why the trolly problem

A

Incidental versus deliberate actions. Our moral actions and empathy tells us that killing someone is wrong

Psy 101 (11 decks)

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