Test 2 Drug classes Flashcards
Barbiturates
phenobarbitol (solfoton)
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam (valium)
Non-benzodiazepines
Zolpidem (ambien)
GABA receptor agonist
What is barbiturates MOA
increase the affinity of GABA binding
what is benzodiazepines MOA
stimulation of Mu receptors (g-coupled), leads to hyperpolarization of nerve cells and inhibition of firing
What is opioid agonist MOA
Opioid agonists
Mophine (avinza)
Opioid agonists
fentanyl (actiq)
Opioid agonists
hydrocodone (hysingla)
non-narcotic pain relievers
tramadol (ultram)
inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake, very weak opioid receptor binding
what is non-narcotic pain relievers MOA
modulates action of GABA synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase and glutamate synthesizing enzyme, branched- chain amino acid transaminase, results in increased gaba synthesis
what is antiseizure agent used for neurotropic pain MOA
antiseizure agent used for neurotropic pain
Gabapentin (neuraptine)
antiseizure agent used for neurotropic pain
GABA-inergic
NSAIDs
acetominophine (tylenol)
non-selective COX inhibitors: blocking prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid by inhibiting the enzymes, COX-1 and -2
What is NSAIDS MOA
NSAIDs
Aspirin (bayer)
NSAIDs
ibuprofen (advil)
NSAIDs
naproxen (aleve)
NSAIDs
Indomethacin (tivobex)
NSAIDs
bromfenac (prolensa)
Alcohols
ethanol
increase GABA
what is alcohols MOA
- GABA Agonist with spinal cord site of primary action
- centrally acting a2-adrenergic agonist, presynaptic inhibition of motor neuron hyperactivity
- ryanode receptor 1 antagonist
What is antispasticity MOA
Anispasticity
baclofen (lioresal)
antispasticity
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
antispasticity
Dantrolene (dantrium)
antispasmodic
cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)
serotonin receptor antagonist
What is antispasmodic MOA
inhibit glutamate in the brain, decrease CA2+ flux into cell
What is NMDA antagonist MOA
NMDA (n-methy-d-aspartate receptor) antagonist
Dextromethorphan (Delsym)
NMDA antagonist
Katamine (ketalar
NMDA antagonist
memantine (namenda)
NMDA antagonist
Amantadine (synetrel)
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (reversible, CNS acting or cognitive enhancing)
Donepezil (aricept)
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (reversible, CNS acting or cognitive enhancing)
Rivastigmine (exelon)
Monoclonal AB
lecanemab (leqembi)
Atypical antipsychotic
brexipiprazole (rexulti)
Dopamine precursor/ dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor
levodopa/carbidopa (sinemet)
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
selegiline (eldepryl)
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
rasagiline (azilcet)
Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors
entacopone (comtan)
Dopamine agonist
ropinirole (requip)
Anti-viral with dopaminergic effects, anti-cholinergic effects and blocks gluatamate, receptors
amantadine (symmetrel)
muscarinic antagonist
benzotropine (cogentic)
Corticosteroid
methylprednisolone (solu-medrol)
interferon
interferon beta (avonex)
monoclonal AB
ofatumumab (arzerra)
immounomodulator
Glatiramer acetate (copaxone)
immunosuppresive
fingolimod (Gilenya)
antiepileptic agents
phenytoin (dilantin)
anti-epileptic agents
topiramate (topamax)
GABAinergic
Gabapentin (neuraptine)
Neuroprotective
riluzole (rilutek)
neuromuscular blockers
botulinium toxin (botox)
muscle relaxants
baclofen (lioresal
muscle relaxants
dantrolene (dantrium)
benzodiazepines
Diazepam (valium)
Muscarinc antagonist
benzotropine (cogentic)
dopamine prodrugs
levodopa/carbidopa (sinemet)
anticonvulsant agent
valproic acid (depakote)
A2 adrenergic agonist
tizanidine (zanaflex)
Neurofibromatosis
selumetinib (koselugo)
tripans
sumatriptan (imetrix)
ergot Alkaloids
dihyroergotamine (migranal)
ergot Alkaloids
ubrogepant (ubrelvy)
ergot Alkaloids
lasmiditan (reyvow)
binds to the enzyme that breaks down Ach and blocks the action, increased ACh available
What is Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors MOA
a receptor of glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain: poorly understood, binding reduces Ca2+ influx
What is NMDA antagonist MOA
biologic: IV infusion therapy that targets and removes beta-amyloid from the brain
What is the MOA of monoclonal Ab
partial agonists at dopamine and serotonin receptors/ management of aggression (behaviors that come with advancing disease process)
What is the atypical antipsychotic MOA
metabolized to dopamine (ideally in the CNS/ reduces peripheral metabolism of levodopa, thereby increasing the amount of dopamine that reaches the brain
What is the dopamine precursor/dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor MOA
Irreversible, highly selective for monoamine oxidase-B, thereby reduces breakdown of dopamine in the brain
what is monoamine oxidase inhibitors MOA
by inhibiting the enzyme catechol-o-methyl-tranferase, prevents peripheral degradation of levodopa, allowing a higher concentration to cross the blood brain barrier
what is Catechol-omethyltransferase inhibitors
binds to dopamine receptor and activates it. increases the amount of dopamine in the synaptic cleft
What is dopamine agonists MOA
unclear MOA, considered an antidyskinetic medicine
Anti-viral with dopaminergic effects, anti-cholenergic effects and blocks glutamate receptors
blocks cholinergic muscarinic receptors, less Ach, thus improves rigidity and tremors in parkinson’s disease
what is muscarinic antagonist MOA
PhospholipaseA2 inhibitor-inhibits release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids//excellent anti-inflammatory agents
what is corticosteroid MOA
diminishes inflammatory response
What is interferon MOA
targets B cells for destruction
What is monoclonal AB MOA
Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, by inhibiting dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (enzyme), this blocks lymphocyte activation and inflammatory response
What is Immounomodulator MOA
synthetic polypeptide that resembles myelin protein and acts as a decoy to T-cell attack
What is immunomodulator MOA
Sphigosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, sequesters lymphocytes in lymph nodes
What is immunosuppresive MOA
3 primary mechanisms of action (do not remember for specific drugs) 1) Blocking voltage-gated ion channels (Na+ or Ca2+); 2) Enhancing inhibitory g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic impulses; 3) Interfering with excitatory glutamate transmission
what is the mechanism of action for anti-epileptic agents
Modulates action of GABA synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and glutamate synthesizing enzyme, branched-chain amino acid transaminase, results in increased GABA synthesis
What is GABA inergic
Glutamate antagonist;inhibits glutamate release by blocking the voltage-dependent sodium channels
What is neuroprotective MOA
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor, thus reduces cell proliferation, and promotes pro-apoptotic signal transduction
what is neurofibromatosis
Selective serotonin agonist, inducing vasoconstriction in the basilar artery, reduces transmition of pain impulses, minimizing the release of inflammatory mediators from the trigeminal nerves
What is Tripans MOA
alpha adrenergic receptor agonists and serotonergic effects
what is ergot alkaloids MOA specifically dihydroergotamine
calcitonin gene related peptide inhibitors
what is ergot alkaloids MOA specifically ubrogepant (ubrelvy)
5 HT1F receptor agonist
what is ergot alkaloids MOA specifically lasmidtan (reyvow)
Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors by blocking serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET)
What is tricyclic antidepressants MOA
inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase, more catecholamines available; nonselective
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
inhibits the reuptake of serotonin by shutting down the transporter that returns serotonin to the presynaptic neuron
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Ticylic antidepressants
amitriptyline (elavil)
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
tranylcypromise (parnate)
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
fluoxetine
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
sertraline (zoloft)
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
paroxtine (paxil)
Serotonin norepinephrine re uptake inhibitors
Duloxetine (cymbalta)
Serotonin norepinephrine re uptake inhibitors
Desvenlafaxine (pristiq)
Selective inhibitor of the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters
What is serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors MOA
norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
what is wellburtin’s MOA
NMDA receptor antagonist/bupropion, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, increases levels of increases plasma levels of Dexotromethorphan
what is Dextromethophan MOA
central acting presynaptic a2 adrenergic antagonist and specific serotonergic
what is mirtazapine (remeron) MOA
works on several NT: serotonin, adrenergic and histamine
what is Trazodone (desyrel) MOA
positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors
What is brexanolone (zulresso)
unknown
What is mood stabilizer MOA
inhibition of post synaptic dopamine receptors, thus decreasing dopamine levels (more brain NT balance)
what is typical antipsychotic agents MOA
Serotonin-dopamine partial agonist, each agent has a unique combination of receptor affinities
What is atypical antipsychotic agents MOA
NMDA agonist
What is atypical antipsychotic agents MOA (specifially clozaril)
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor (VMT2 inhibitor); VMAT2 controls how much chemical messenger is stored in the nerve cell and how much is released»_space; Inhibits this transported»_space; lower amount of neurotransmitter available and therefore reduces the unwanted body movements
what is deutetrabenazine (austedo)
agonist at presynaptic receptors
what is buspirone MAO
CNS stimulant
What is amphetamine MOA
CNS stimulant
What is Methylphenidate MOA
selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
What is atomoxetine (strattera) MOA
selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
What is viloxazine (qelbree) MOA
alpha 2 adrenegic receptor agonists
what is Guanfacine (Intuniv Er) MOA
alpha 2 adrenegic receptor agonists
what is clonidine (kapvay) MOA
sequentially inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
What is Venlafaxine (effexor) MOA
dopamine reuptake inhibitor and inhibits GABA
what is modafinil (Provigil) MOA
increase the affinity of GABA binding: reduce anxiety and irritability and have sedative effet
what is benzodiazepines MOA
brain NT balance: without drugs, an addicted person cannot produce natural amounts of happiness-inducing chemicals in their brain
what is antidepressants MOA
Alpha2-adreneric receptor Agonist; Reduces sweating, cramps, muscle aches and anxiety, stops tremors and seizures
what is Clonidine (catapress) MOA
Blocks receptors in the brain that produce drug’s pleasurable effects, subdues seeking behavior
what is naltrexone (vivitrol) MOA
Binding to the same receptors in the brain as heroin and painkillers, but Methadone doesn’t get the user high
what is methadone (methadose) MOA
unknown
what is acamprosate (campral) MOA
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; stops convertion acetaldehyde into acetic acid, leads to a build up of acetaldehyde
what is Disulfiram (antabuse) MOA
