New Antimicrobial deck Flashcards
What are the classes of Beta Lactams?
Penicillins, Antistaphlococcal, aminopenicillins, and antipseudomonal,
What is Beta lactams mechanism of action
- inhibits transpeptidase
- activates cell destruction to break down the cell wall
What is generation 1 penicillins?
Penicillin G and Penicillin V
What is the drug of choice for treponium pallidum?
Penicillin G
What is generation 1 penicillins effective against?
gram positive bacteria, and some small gram negative bacteria (neisseria gonorrhea)
What is susceptible to bacterial lactamase?
generation 1 penicillins and aminopenicillins
What are antistaphlococcals?
methicillin and dicloxacillin
what does antistaphlococcal treat?
Gram positive: blepharitis and internal hordeolum
NO gram negative activity
what drug(s) stimilate(s) wafarin metabolism?
methicillin and dicloxacillin
What is beta lactamase resistant?
Antistaphlococcal penicillins
What is aminopenicillins effective against?
mostly gram positive but some gram negative rods
What are specific aminopenicillins
ampicillin, aminopenicillins, augmentin
What is the drug of choice for listeria monocytogenes?
Ampicillin
What does ampicillin treat?
listeria
respiratory and GIT infections
What does amoxicillin treat?
has more gram negative coverage
respiratory infections
H pylori ulcers
preseptal cellulitis
darcrocystitis
pediatric hemophilus
what does augmentin treat
preseptal cellulitis
internal hordeolum
darcryocystitis
hemophilus
what is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic
amoxicillin
What is the order of gram positive effective cephalosporins
1>2>3
What is the order of gram negative effective cephalosporins
3>2>1
what are specific first generation cephalosporins
cefazolin
cephalexin
what are specific second generation cephalosporin
cefuroxime
cefoxitin
what does first generation cephalosporins treat
gram postive: staph and strep
soft tissue infections
hordeolum
lid trauma
darcyoadenitis
dacryocystitis
respiratory and urinary tract infections
What does second generation cephalosporin’s treat
more gram negative bacteria
often used in ear, skin, respiratory infections
what more specific bacteria does second generation cephalosporin’s treat
hemophilus
Enterococcus
neisseria
preoteus
e. coli
klebsiella
what more specific bacteria does third generation cephalosporin’s treat
H pylori
Enterococcus
neiseccera
pseudomonas
e. coli
klebsiella
what are specific third generation cephalosporins
ceftriaxone
cefixime
ceftazidime
what does third generation cepharlosporin’s treat
gram negative bacteria
orbital cellulitis (nafcillin and cephalosporin) –>IV
neisseriagonorrhea
What are specific carbapenems?
imipenem
what drug causes seizures
imipenem’s
What is the number one drug that causes allergic reactions?
penicillins
what can cause cross reactions with penicillins
cephalosporins with the highest being first generation
What drugs can penetrate CSF?
imipenem and aztreonam
What is the specific monobactam
aztreonam
what is aztreonam effective agaisnt?
gram negative only
aeruginosa and enterobacter
what are the types of glycoproteins
vancomycin and bacitracin
what is vancomycin’s mechanism of action
binds to pentopeptide preventing the binding of transpeptidase
What is the drug of choice for c diff?
vancomycin
what is the drug of choice for MRSA
vancomycin
what is the side effects of vancomycin
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
redman syndrome
What is bacitracin’s mechanism of action
prevents the recycling of the lipid carrier
what is bacitracin effective against
gram positive
what is bacitracin used to treat
blepharitis
neisseria and haemophilus
what is a side effect of bacitracin
nephrotoxicity
what is polymixin’s mechanism of action
binds to bacterial membrane phospholipids –> osmotic stress and cell death
what is polymixin effective agaisnt
gram negative bacteria
what is a side effect of polymixin B
nephrotoxiciy
what antimicrobials have side effects of nephrotoxicity
vancomycin
bacitracin
polymixin B
