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Pharmacology > New Antimicrobial deck > Flashcards

New Antimicrobial deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of Beta Lactams?

A

Penicillins, Antistaphlococcal, aminopenicillins, and antipseudomonal,

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2
Q

What is Beta lactams mechanism of action

A
  1. inhibits transpeptidase
  2. activates cell destruction to break down the cell wall
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3
Q

What is generation 1 penicillins?

A

Penicillin G and Penicillin V

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4
Q

What is the drug of choice for treponium pallidum?

A

Penicillin G

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5
Q

What is generation 1 penicillins effective against?

A

gram positive bacteria, and some small gram negative bacteria (neisseria gonorrhea)

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6
Q

What is susceptible to bacterial lactamase?

A

generation 1 penicillins and aminopenicillins

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7
Q

What are antistaphlococcals?

A

methicillin and dicloxacillin

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8
Q

what does antistaphlococcal treat?

A

Gram positive: blepharitis and internal hordeolum

NO gram negative activity

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9
Q

what drug(s) stimilate(s) wafarin metabolism?

A

methicillin and dicloxacillin

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10
Q

What is beta lactamase resistant?

A

Antistaphlococcal penicillins

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11
Q

What is aminopenicillins effective against?

A

mostly gram positive but some gram negative rods

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12
Q

What are specific aminopenicillins

A

ampicillin, aminopenicillins, augmentin

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13
Q

What is the drug of choice for listeria monocytogenes?

A

Ampicillin

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14
Q

What does ampicillin treat?

A

listeria
respiratory and GIT infections

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15
Q

What does amoxicillin treat?

A

has more gram negative coverage

respiratory infections
H pylori ulcers
preseptal cellulitis
darcrocystitis
pediatric hemophilus

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16
Q

what does augmentin treat

A

preseptal cellulitis
internal hordeolum
darcryocystitis
hemophilus

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17
Q

what is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic

A

amoxicillin

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18
Q

What is the order of gram positive effective cephalosporins

A

1>2>3

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19
Q

What is the order of gram negative effective cephalosporins

A

3>2>1

20
Q

what are specific first generation cephalosporins

A

cefazolin
cephalexin

21
Q

what are specific second generation cephalosporin

A

cefuroxime
cefoxitin

22
Q

what does first generation cephalosporins treat

A

gram postive: staph and strep

soft tissue infections
hordeolum
lid trauma
darcyoadenitis
dacryocystitis
respiratory and urinary tract infections

23
Q

What does second generation cephalosporin’s treat

A

more gram negative bacteria

often used in ear, skin, respiratory infections

24
Q

what more specific bacteria does second generation cephalosporin’s treat

A

hemophilus
Enterococcus
neisseria
preoteus
e. coli
klebsiella

25
Q

what more specific bacteria does third generation cephalosporin’s treat

A

H pylori
Enterococcus
neiseccera
pseudomonas
e. coli
klebsiella

26
Q

what are specific third generation cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone
cefixime
ceftazidime

27
Q

what does third generation cepharlosporin’s treat

A

gram negative bacteria

orbital cellulitis (nafcillin and cephalosporin) –>IV
neisseriagonorrhea

28
Q

What are specific carbapenems?

A

imipenem

29
Q

what drug causes seizures

A

imipenem’s

30
Q

What is the number one drug that causes allergic reactions?

A

penicillins

31
Q

what can cause cross reactions with penicillins

A

cephalosporins with the highest being first generation

32
Q

What drugs can penetrate CSF?

A

imipenem and aztreonam

33
Q

What is the specific monobactam

A

aztreonam

34
Q

what is aztreonam effective agaisnt?

A

gram negative only

aeruginosa and enterobacter

35
Q

what are the types of glycoproteins

A

vancomycin and bacitracin

36
Q

what is vancomycin’s mechanism of action

A

binds to pentopeptide preventing the binding of transpeptidase

37
Q

What is the drug of choice for c diff?

A

vancomycin

38
Q

what is the drug of choice for MRSA

A

vancomycin

39
Q

what is the side effects of vancomycin

A

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
redman syndrome

40
Q

What is bacitracin’s mechanism of action

A

prevents the recycling of the lipid carrier

41
Q

what is bacitracin effective against

A

gram positive

42
Q

what is bacitracin used to treat

A

blepharitis

neisseria and haemophilus

43
Q

what is a side effect of bacitracin

A

nephrotoxicity

44
Q

what is polymixin’s mechanism of action

A

binds to bacterial membrane phospholipids –> osmotic stress and cell death

45
Q

what is polymixin effective agaisnt

A

gram negative bacteria

46
Q

what is a side effect of polymixin B

A

nephrotoxiciy

47
Q

what antimicrobials have side effects of nephrotoxicity

A

vancomycin
bacitracin
polymixin B

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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