Antimicrobial Flashcards
What are the 4 broad categories of B lactams
Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and monobactams
What are the categories of penicillin?
Gen 1 (Penicillin G, penicillin V)
Anti-staphlococcal penicillin
Aminopenicillin
Anti-pneumonial penicillin
What is the Mechanism of Action of Beta Lactams?
- inhibits transpeptidase
- stimulates production of bacterial autolysins with normal remodel the bacterial cell wall
what is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin?
binds to peptide chain, preventing transpeptidases from binding
what is the mechanism of action of bacitracin
can’t recycle lipid carrier
what is the mechanism of action of polymixin?
increases cell membrane permeability
what are the types of polymixin?
Polysporin, polytrim, neosporin
what is polysporin made of?
polymyxin and B+ bacitracin
what is polytrim made of
Polymixin and B+ trimethoprim
what is neosporin made of?
Polymixin+ Bacitracin+ neomycin
What is the drug of choice for Syphillis/ treponium palladium?
Gen 1 penicillins
What type of bacteria does Gen 1 penicillin mostly treat?
Gram positive but some gram negative if small enough like neisseria gonorrhea
What type of bacteria does anti staphylococcal mostly treat?
not effective against gram negative
mostly effective against gram positive
What type of drug stimulates warfarin metabolism?
anti-staphlococcal penicillin
What type of bacteria does aminopenicillin mostly treat?
increased activity against gram negative
What type of bacteria does antipseudomonal mostly treat?
Gram negative
which type of penicillin is susceptible to bacterial B lactamase
1st or 2nd Generation Penicillin
What are the specific drugs of first generation Penicillin?
Penicillin G and Penicillin V
which type of penicillin is not susceptible to bacterial b lactamase
Antistaphlylococcal
What are the specific drugs of Antistaphylococcal Penicillin?
Methicillin
Dicloxacillin
What are the specific drugs of aminopenicillin?
Ampicillin
amoxicillin
augmentin (Amoxicilin + clavulanic acid)
What are the specific drugs of first gen cephalosporin?
cefazolin
cephalexin
What are the specific drugs of second gen cephalosporin?
Cefuroxime
cefoxitin
What are the specific drugs of third gen cephalosporin?
Cefixime
ceftriaxone
ceftazidime
What are the specific drugs of cebapenems?
Imipenem
What is the order of cephalosporin generations that is effective against gram positive
1>2>3
What is the order of cephalosporin generations that is effective against gram negative
3>2>1
What is effective against MRSA?
Gen 5 Cephalosporin
vancomycin (DOC)
What type of bacteria is monobactams effective against?
gram negative
what is type of bacteria is vancomycin effective against?
gram positive
what is type of bacteria is bacitracin effective against?
gram positive
what is type of bacteria is polymixin effective against?
gram -
what is the drug of choice for C. Diff
vancomycin
`what treats surgical wounds?
bactracin
what treats conjunctival and lid infections?
Polymixin
What drugs produce stevens-johnson syndome?
penicillin
which drug class have cross reactivity between penicillin?
cephalosporins
what is used as an alternative for patients who have anaphylaxis with other B lactams?
monobactams
what is vancomycin’s adverse reaction?
red man
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
what drug should be taken on an empty stomach?
antistaphlococcal
what is the most common prescribed antimicrobial
amoxicillin
Which antimicrobial has love GI side effects?
Augementin
what drugs have nephrotoxicity as a side effect
Polymixin B
bacitracin
vancomycin
What treats blepharitis?
bacitracin
Wat treats preseptal cellulitis
Amoxicillin and augmentin
what treats orbital cellulitis
Third generation cephalosporin
