Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides

Answer 1

binds to 30s ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis and prevents binding of FMet-tRNA

Question 2

What is aminoglycasides effective against

Answer 2

gram negative rods

Question 3

what are specific aminoglycosides?

Answer 3

gentamicin and tobramycin

Question 4

What is gentamicin used to treat?

Answer 4

tularemia

when used with ampicillin–> gram negative

Question 5

What is the side effects of aminoglycasides?

Answer 5

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity
myasthenia gravis exacerbation

SPK
delayed wound healing

Question 6

what is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines

Answer 6

binds to 30s ribosomal subunity to prevent the attachment of incoming tRNA

Question 7

What are specific tetracylines?

Answer 7

tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

Question 8

what is doxycycline used for?

Answer 8

antiinflammatory, MGD, rosacea, preseptal with MRSA, chlyamydia, lyme disease/ borrelia burgdoferi, Rickettsia/ rocky mountain spotted fever

Question 9

what is minocycline used for?

Answer 9

meningitis, acne

Question 10

what is a side effect of minocycline

Answer 10

blue sclera or pigmented cysts on conj

Question 11

what conditions should tetracyline and minoycline be taken on?

Answer 11

empty stomach
avoid milk/ antacids–. absorption inhibited by cations

Question 12

what is tetracycline’s adverse side effects

Answer 12

Gi
Hepatotoxicity
vertico
photosensitivity
binding to tissue undergoing calcification
pseudotumor cerebri

Question 13

Is tetracycline safe for pregnancy?

Answer 13

no. do not give to pregnent/ breast feeding women OR children under 8

Question 14

what is chloramphenicol’s mechanism of action

Answer 14

binds to 50s to prevent elongation and inhibits peptidyl transferase

Question 15

what does chloramphenicol cause?

Answer 15

gray baby
optic neuritis
leukemia

Question 16

Should chloramphenicol be used in pregnant women

Answer 16

no

Question 17

What is macrolides mechanism of action

Answer 17

binds to 50s to tRNA acceptor site of bacterial ribosome

Question 18

what are specific macrolides

Answer 18

clarithromycin
azithromycin
erythromycin

Question 19

what is clarithromycin used for?

Answer 19

H pylorin
respiratory infection

Question 20

what is azithromycin used for

Answer 20

chlamydia
legionnaires
hemophilus

Question 21

What is erythromycin used for?

Answer 21

penicillin allergy alternative

cornybacterium

Question 22

what is macrolides side effect

Answer 22

ototoxicity
GI disturbances
jaundice
hepatotoxicity
inhibits p450

Question 23

which macrolide has a long effect?

Answer 23

azithromycin

Question 24

which macrolide has a short 1/2 life?

Answer 24

erythromycin

Question 25

what is clindamycin's mechanism of action

Answer 25

binds to 50s to tRNA acceptor site

Question 26

what is clindamycin effective against

Answer 26

gram positive organisms (MRSA) and some anaerobes

Question 27

what is streptogramin's mechanism of action?

Answer 27

targets 50s to prevent elongation and early release of peptide chain

Question 28

what are specific streptogramins

Answer 28

quinupristin and dalfopristin

Question 29

what is streptogramins used to treat

Answer 29

vancomycin resistant and enterococcus infections

Question 30

what is a side effect of streptogramins

Answer 30

hyperbilirubineomia

Question 31

what is oxazolidinone mechanism of action

Answer 31

binds to 50s to prevent interaction with 30s. no initiation complex is formed

Question 32

what is a specifics oxazolidinone drug

Answer 32

linezoid

Question 33

why was linzolid developed?

Answer 33

developed to combat methichillin and vancomyocin resistant gram positive bacteria

Question 34

What are the classes of protein synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 34

aminoglycosides tetracyclines chloramphenicol macrolides clindamycin streptogramins oxazolidone