Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides
binds to 30s ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis and prevents binding of FMet-tRNA
What is aminoglycasides effective against
gram negative rods
what are specific aminoglycosides?
gentamicin and tobramycin
What is gentamicin used to treat?
tularemia
when used with ampicillin–> gram negative
What is the side effects of aminoglycasides?
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity
myasthenia gravis exacerbation
SPK
delayed wound healing
what is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines
binds to 30s ribosomal subunity to prevent the attachment of incoming tRNA
What are specific tetracylines?
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline
what is doxycycline used for?
antiinflammatory, MGD, rosacea, preseptal with MRSA, chlyamydia, lyme disease/ borrelia burgdoferi, Rickettsia/ rocky mountain spotted fever
what is minocycline used for?
meningitis, acne
what is a side effect of minocycline
blue sclera or pigmented cysts on conj
what conditions should tetracyline and minoycline be taken on?
empty stomach
avoid milk/ antacids–. absorption inhibited by cations
what is tetracycline’s adverse side effects
Gi
Hepatotoxicity
vertico
photosensitivity
binding to tissue undergoing calcification
pseudotumor cerebri
Is tetracycline safe for pregnancy?
no. do not give to pregnent/ breast feeding women OR children under 8
what is chloramphenicol’s mechanism of action
binds to 50s to prevent elongation and inhibits peptidyl transferase
what does chloramphenicol cause?
gray baby
optic neuritis
leukemia
Should chloramphenicol be used in pregnant women
no
What is macrolides mechanism of action
binds to 50s to tRNA acceptor site of bacterial ribosome
what are specific macrolides
clarithromycin
azithromycin
erythromycin
what is clarithromycin used for?
H pylorin
respiratory infection
what is azithromycin used for
chlamydia
legionnaires
hemophilus
What is erythromycin used for?
penicillin allergy alternative
cornybacterium
what is macrolides side effect
ototoxicity
GI disturbances
jaundice
hepatotoxicity
inhibits p450
which macrolide has a long effect?
azithromycin
which macrolide has a short 1/2 life?
erythromycin
what is clindamycin’s mechanism of action
binds to 50s to tRNA acceptor site
what is clindamycin effective against
gram positive organisms (MRSA) and some anaerobes
what is streptogramin’s mechanism of action?
targets 50s to prevent elongation and early release of peptide chain
what are specific streptogramins
quinupristin and dalfopristin
what is streptogramins used to treat
vancomycin resistant and enterococcus infections
what is a side effect of streptogramins
hyperbilirubineomia
what is oxazolidinone mechanism of action
binds to 50s to prevent interaction with 30s. no initiation complex is formed
what is a specifics oxazolidinone drug
linezoid
why was linzolid developed?
developed to combat methichillin and vancomyocin resistant gram positive bacteria
What are the classes of protein synthesis inhibitors?
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
macrolides
clindamycin
streptogramins
oxazolidone
