DNA and Folic Acid inhibitors Flashcards
What classes of drugs are DNA and folic acid inhibitors
Fluoroquinilone
folic acid antagonist
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
pyimethamine
rifampin
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinlone?
inhibits DNA topoisomeraase II and IV
What are specific second generation fluroquinilones?
cirpofloxacin
ofloxacin
what are specific third generations fluroquinilone
levoflacin
what are specific fourth generation fluroquinilone?
moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
besifloxacin
what is second generation fluroquinilone used for?
UTI and GI infections
pseudomonas Aeruginosa
traveler’s diarrhea
myoplasm tuberculosis
what is third generation fluroquinilone used for?
respiratory
what are fourth generation fluroquinilone used for?
respiratory, sinusitis, and skin infections
good for strep pneumoniae
(not good for UTI)
What fluroquinilone is the most gram positive activity
fourth generation
what is the drug of choice for anthrax
second generation fluroquinilone
what is a l isomer of ofloxacin
levofloxacin
what is a side effect of folic acid antagonist?
anemia
what are the side effects of fluroquinilone
tendinitis
myasthenia gravis
neuropathy
hypoglycemia
psychiatric effects
increased risk for aorta tears
what are specific drugs of folic acid antagonist?
sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim
polytrim
Bactrim
what is sulfamethoxazole’s mechanism of action
synthetic analogue to PABA (1st step in folic acid production)
is sulfamethoxazole safe for pregnancy?
no
what is sulfamethoxazole used for?
broad spectrum of gram positive and negative
Toxoplasmosis
what is the side effects of sulfamethoxazole?
crystalluria
hematolofical disturbances
kernicterus (elevated levels of bilirubin in the brain)
steven johnson syndrome
what is trimethoprim’s mechanism of action
inhibits dihyrofolate reductase (second step in folic acid production)
what is trimethoprim effective against?
spectrum is similar to sulfamethoxazole, but LESS gram negative
UTI (not the preferred drug)
what is the preferred drug for UTI?
cipro
what are the side effects of trimethoprim
crystalluria
hematolofical distrubances
kernicterus
steven johnson syndrome
what is polytrim made of?
trimethoprim and polymixin B
what is the drug of choice for children with bacterial conjunctivitis
polytrim
what is polytrim’s mechanism of action
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and binds to bacterial cell membrane
what is polytrim effective against?
S pneumonia
H influenza
S aureus
s epidermidis
what is cotromoxazole made of?
trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
what is cotrimoxazole effective against?
broad spectrum of GM + and -
toxoplasmosis
UTI
Listeria monocytogenes
prophylactic for pneumocystitis jirovecii
what is cotrimoxazole mechanism of action
synthetic analogue to PABA (sulfa)
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (trimethoprim)
what is the side effects of cotrimoxazole?
cystalluria
hematolofical disturbances
kernicterus (elevated levels of bilirubin in brain)
steven johnson syndrome
what is the side effect of rifampin
red tears/ urine
what is the mechanism of action of rifampin
blocks RNA transcription
what is the adverse reaction of Rifampin
hepatotoxicity
what is rifampin used against?
m. tuberculosis
m leprae
