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Pharmacology > DNA and Folic Acid inhibitors > Flashcards

DNA and Folic Acid inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

What classes of drugs are DNA and folic acid inhibitors

A

Fluoroquinilone
folic acid antagonist
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
pyimethamine
rifampin

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinlone?

A

inhibits DNA topoisomeraase II and IV

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3
Q

What are specific second generation fluroquinilones?

A

cirpofloxacin
ofloxacin

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4
Q

what are specific third generations fluroquinilone

A

levoflacin

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5
Q

what are specific fourth generation fluroquinilone?

A

moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
besifloxacin

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6
Q

what is second generation fluroquinilone used for?

A

UTI and GI infections

pseudomonas Aeruginosa
traveler’s diarrhea
myoplasm tuberculosis

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7
Q

what is third generation fluroquinilone used for?

A

respiratory

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8
Q

what are fourth generation fluroquinilone used for?

A

respiratory, sinusitis, and skin infections

good for strep pneumoniae

(not good for UTI)

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9
Q

What fluroquinilone is the most gram positive activity

A

fourth generation

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10
Q

what is the drug of choice for anthrax

A

second generation fluroquinilone

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11
Q

what is a l isomer of ofloxacin

A

levofloxacin

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12
Q

what is a side effect of folic acid antagonist?

A

anemia

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13
Q

what are the side effects of fluroquinilone

A

tendinitis
myasthenia gravis
neuropathy
hypoglycemia
psychiatric effects
increased risk for aorta tears

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14
Q

what are specific drugs of folic acid antagonist?

A

sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim
polytrim
Bactrim

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15
Q

what is sulfamethoxazole’s mechanism of action

A

synthetic analogue to PABA (1st step in folic acid production)

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16
Q

is sulfamethoxazole safe for pregnancy?

A

no

17
Q

what is sulfamethoxazole used for?

A

broad spectrum of gram positive and negative
Toxoplasmosis

18
Q

what is the side effects of sulfamethoxazole?

A

crystalluria
hematolofical disturbances
kernicterus (elevated levels of bilirubin in the brain)
steven johnson syndrome

19
Q

what is trimethoprim’s mechanism of action

A

inhibits dihyrofolate reductase (second step in folic acid production)

20
Q

what is trimethoprim effective against?

A

spectrum is similar to sulfamethoxazole, but LESS gram negative

UTI (not the preferred drug)

21
Q

what is the preferred drug for UTI?

A

cipro

22
Q

what are the side effects of trimethoprim

A

crystalluria
hematolofical distrubances
kernicterus
steven johnson syndrome

23
Q

what is polytrim made of?

A

trimethoprim and polymixin B

24
Q

what is the drug of choice for children with bacterial conjunctivitis

A

polytrim

25
Q

what is polytrim’s mechanism of action

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and binds to bacterial cell membrane

26
Q

what is polytrim effective against?

A

S pneumonia
H influenza
S aureus
s epidermidis

27
Q

what is cotromoxazole made of?

A

trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

28
Q

what is cotrimoxazole effective against?

A

broad spectrum of GM + and -
toxoplasmosis
UTI
Listeria monocytogenes
prophylactic for pneumocystitis jirovecii

29
Q

what is cotrimoxazole mechanism of action

A

synthetic analogue to PABA (sulfa)
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (trimethoprim)

30
Q

what is the side effects of cotrimoxazole?

A

cystalluria
hematolofical disturbances
kernicterus (elevated levels of bilirubin in brain)
steven johnson syndrome

31
Q

what is the side effect of rifampin

A

red tears/ urine

32
Q

what is the mechanism of action of rifampin

A

blocks RNA transcription

33
Q

what is the adverse reaction of Rifampin

A

hepatotoxicity

34
Q

what is rifampin used against?

A

m. tuberculosis
m leprae

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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