Test 2 Flashcards
Hematologic syndrome stages
Dose of 200-1000 rads
Prodromal stage
Latent period
Manifest stage
Prodromal stage
Dose of 100 rads or more to whole body, symptoms within mins nausea , vomiting, diarrhea, reduction of WBC
Latent period
No visible signs of radiation illness.. Length depends on dose (hr to weeks) smaller the dose the longer the latent period
Manifest illness stage
Symptoms vomiting, mild diarrhea.malaise, lethargy, and fever …depending on dose depends on recovery or death.
Gastrointestinal syndrome
Dose of 1000-5000 rads Prodromal- vomiting diarrhea hrs Latent 3-5 days Manifest nausea vomiting diarrhea Death 4-10 days
Cns syndrome
5000 rads Death within hours to days Nausea and diarrhea within mins Confusing burning of skin loss of vision 6-12 latent period Death always outcome
Ld50/30
Whole body exposure will result in 50% of death within 30 days of exposure
Ld#
Lethal dose of the % of pop.
Mean survival time
Average time between exposure and death
Limited body exposure compared to local tissue exposure
This means 10rads is worst to whole body compared to just to the stomach
% of skin replaced everyday
2%
What % of intentional lining is replaced everyday
50%
Erythema
Skin redding
Desquamation
Removal of protective layer of skin
Moist desquamation
With higher doses and is known the clinical tolerance for protective layer
SED50
(Skin erythema dose) is the dose required to affect 50% of persons so irradiated SED50 is = to 600 rads or 6 Gy
Temporary sterility
200rads
Permanent sterility
500rads
Damage from radiation on the 3 levels
Molecular cellular and organic
Where indirect hits And what is causes
Free radicals and water molecule are damaged
3 main damages from irradiation of DNA
Main chain scission- the break in long chains
Cross linking- spurlike extensions off main
Point lesions- areas on molecules are damaged bc radiation
Usually the result of point lesion
Cell damages from low does of radiation
Photons striking a cells master molecule DNA
Results in death
Somatic effect of radiation called erythema from large dose of radiation
Like a sunburn
Ld50/60
Whole body 350 rads 50% of ppl will die in 60days
Most radiation resistant
S phase
Most radiation sensitive
Mitosis
Direct hits of body tissues and cell from _____ particles
Alpha
Best example of organic damage from radiation
Leukemia
Diagnostic to pt getting a gi with 4 mins of fluoro
Time should show no early or late effects
Cell cycle time
The average time from one mitosis to another mitosis
DNA synthesis occurs in what cycle
S phase
Free radicals are bad bc
They disrupt bonds change molecules and are toxic highly volatile
Target theory and one example
A sensitive key molecule of a cell is inactivated due to radiation exposure, the survival of that cell may die and an example is particle
Free radicals come from
Water pollution smoking herbicides and muscles infection
Permanent changes in the DNA structures
Are passed on to the mitosis
Cytogenetic
It is the study of the genetic aspects of the cell, especially the chromosomes
Radiation exposure dose is measured in
Rad or Gy
Intensity and distances formula
I1/ I2 = (d2)2/(d1)2
