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000 Radiobiology > Radiobiology COPY COPY COPY > Flashcards

Radiobiology COPY COPY COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the linear theory?

A

That any amount of radiation is harmful.

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2
Q

Exposure to the entire body. (More detrimental than exposure to specific part.)

A

Whole body dose

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3
Q

Amount of exposure to the skin.

A

Skin entrance dose.

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4
Q

The skin entrance dose is always ______ than structures below the skin.

A

higher

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5
Q

The ______ the part, the ____ exposure due to absorption.

A

Deeper

less

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6
Q

The exposure of a specific organ of interest.

A

Organ dose

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7
Q

Exposure causing tissue damage of the exposed individual (early or late).

A

Somatic dose

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8
Q

What are the earliest effects of somatic dose?

A

Temporary erythema and hair loss.

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9
Q

Does somatic dose happen in diagnostic levels?

A

no

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10
Q

Exposure potentially causing damage to future generations of the exposed individual.

A

Genetic dose

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11
Q

Genetic dose attributed to _____ _____ of radiation exposure to gonads.

A

Low levels

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12
Q

Can genetic dose happen with diagnostic x-rays?

A

yes

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13
Q

What are the greatest effects of genetic dose?

A

Leukemia and mutations.

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14
Q

The amount of exposure that the unborn receives usually determined after the irradiation of a pregnant female.

A

Fetal dose

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15
Q

Fetal exposure up to _____ rads is not expel ted to cause any effects on the new born.

A

10 rads

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16
Q

Is 10 rads a usual dose in diagnostic filming?

A

NO, very unusual.

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17
Q

Actual dose a fetus receives can be calculated by whom?

A

Radiation physicist

18
Q

Probability of harmful effect increases as dose increases.

A

Stochastic somatic effect

19
Q

This will show long term effects of cancer and cataracts.

A

Stochastic somatic effect

20
Q

KNOWN effects that increase with dose. Has a threshold at which effects are predictable.

A

Deterministic somatic (non-stochastic) effects.

21
Q

Show short term effects such as erythema, infertility, blood forming damage, cataracts.

A

Deterministic somatic (non-stochastic) effects.

22
Q

If exposed at a low level continuously, effects are reduced. This is called?

A

protraction

23
Q

Non-continuous exposure to high dose reduces effect. This is called?

A

fractionation

24
Q

Used in radiotherapy.

A

Protraction and fractionation

25
Q

Used in radioactive implants.

A

protraction

26
Q

The apparent beneficial effects of radiation.

A

Radiation hormesis

27
Q

Theorized that small to moderate doses of radiation may reduce ____ and _________ and may prolong life.

A

Infections

Fatal malignancies

28
Q

Theorized that small-moderate doses of radiation may also ___________ aiding in recovery of infections and other maladies.

A

Boost immunity

29
Q

Radiation’s various effects from large acute exposures is called?

A

Acute radiation sickness (ARS)

30
Q

How much radiation causes hematological syndrome?

A

200-1000 rads acute whole body

31
Q

How much radiation causes gastrointestinal syndrome? Death will happen when?

A

1000-5000 rads

2 weeks

32
Q

How much radiation causes CNS syndrome? How long to live?

A

5000 rads and over

Less than a week.

33
Q

What are the four stages of ARS?

A

prodromal stage
Latent stage
Manifest stage
Healing or death

34
Q

In ARS, what is the stage showing initial symptoms?

A

Prodromal stage

35
Q

In ARS, this is the stage showing improvement of symptoms.

A

Latent stage

36
Q

This is the stage of ARS where the symptoms return worse than before.

A

Manifest stage

37
Q

This is the stage of ARS where you either live or die.

A

Healing or death

38
Q

Acute whole body exposure that would kill 50% of the people in 60 days? Traditionally what?

A

LD 50/60

LD 50/30

39
Q

LD 50/30 is how many rads for us?

A

300 rads

40
Q

Lethal dose means a human has an LD ____ of ____rads with without medical intervention.

A

50/60

350

41
Q

At ____ rads 100% would die without medical intervention.

A

600

42
Q

Above ____ rads (__ Gy) all will die no matter what without medical intervention.

A

1000

10

000 Radiobiology (52 decks)

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