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human gross anatomy > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Quadrangular Space?

A

Inferior margin: teres minor

surgical neck of humerus

Superior margin: teres major

Lateral margin: long head of the triceps brachii

Contents: axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

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2
Q

What is the Triangular Space?

A

Superior margin: teres major

Inferior margin: teres minor

Medial margin: long head of the triceps brachii

Contents: circumflex scapular artery and vein

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3
Q

What is the Triangular Interval?

A

Lateral margin: long head of the triceps brachii

Shaft of the humerus

Inferior Margin: teres major

Contents: profunda brachii artery and radial nerve

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4
Q

Where does the radial nerve divide at?

A

At the lateral epicondyle into deep and superficial branches

Deep Radial Artery changes to PIN

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5
Q

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Radial: C5, C6. C7, C8. T1

Musculocutaneous Nerve: C5, C6, C7

Ulnar: C7, C8, T1

Axillary: C5, C6

Median: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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6
Q

What is Syndactyly?

A

fusion of two or more digits

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7
Q

What is Polydactyly?

A

Extra digits

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8
Q

What is macrodactyly?

A

enlarged digits

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9
Q

What is adactyly?

A

absence of digits

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10
Q

What is ectrodactyly?

A

lobster claw, typically missing middle finger

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11
Q

What is amelia?

A

complete absence of one or more extremities

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12
Q

What is meromelia?

A

partial absence of one or more extremities

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13
Q

What is phocomelia?

A

shortened lower extremities

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14
Q

What and where does the brachiocephalic artery split into?

A

Subclavian artery, axillary artery at 1st rib, and brachial artery at inferior border of teres major

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15
Q

After day 20, the mesoderm splits into how many pairs of somites and spinal nerve pairs?

A

44 somites and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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16
Q

Upper limb buds at what spinal nerves? Lower Limb buds at what spinal nerves?

A

C5-T1

L2-S2

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17
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder Flexion? (4)

A

Prime Movers: Anterior Deltoid, coracobrachilais

Secondary Movers: Pec Major clavicular, Long head of biceps

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18
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder Extension? (5)

A

Prime Movers: Lats, teres major, posterior deltoid

Secondary Movers: Long head of tricep, pec major sternocostal head

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19
Q

What are prime movers for Shoulder abduction? (2)

A

Middle Deltoid
Supraspinatus

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20
Q

What are prime movers for Shoulder adduction? (4)

A

Lats, teres major, coracobrachialis, long head of triceps

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21
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder External Rotation? (3)

A

Prime: Infraspinatus and teres minor

Secondary: posterior deltoid

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22
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder internal rotation? (5)

A

Prime: Subscapularis, lats, teres major, pec minor

Secondary: Anterior deltoid

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23
Q

What are prime movers for Shoulder horizontal abduction? (4)

A

posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor

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24
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for hadd

A

Prime: pec major

Prime: anterior deltoid, coracobrqchialis

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25
Q

Total ROM of shoulder abduction? What two joints do this movement?

A

180 degrees, ST joint and GHJ joint

30 degrees- no ST motion

30-120 degrees- 1:1

120-180 degrees- 2 or 3:1

26
Q

What movement does the coracohymeral ligament resist?

A

External rotation of shoulder with arm at side

27
Q

What movement does the superior glenohumeral ligament prevent?

A

Limits inferior translation and ER

28
Q

What movement does the middle GHJ prevent?

A

Limits anterior translation

29
Q

What movement does Inferior GHL resist?

A

Superior and anterior translation and External rotation

30
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament prevent?

A

Checks clavicular elevation and superior glide

31
Q

What movement does the interclavicular ligament prevent?

A

Checks excessive depression and downward glide

32
Q

What movement does anterior and posterior SC ligament prevent?

A

Checks excessive A/P motion

33
Q

What does the acromio clavicular ligament do?

A

Stabilizes AC joint

34
Q

What movement does the coracoclavicular ligament prevent? What two parts of it?

A

conoid- prevents vertical displacement
trapezoid- most lateral, guides clavicle during rotation

35
Q

Falling on shoulder vs falling on elbow?

A

Falling on elbow results in AC joint dislocation with no ligament rupture

Falling on shoulder results in AC joint and coracoclavicular rupture

36
Q

What movement does the radial collateral ligament resist?

A

Hyperextension of the elbow

37
Q

What movement does the ulnar collateral ligament resist?

A

Valgus stress (over head throwing motions) and hyperextension of the elbow

38
Q

What is Tommy John’s surgery?

A

Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament typical in athletes

39
Q

What movement does the annular ligament assist?

A

Stabilizes the radial head in the radial notch for pronation and supination

40
Q

What is monteggia?

A

ulnar fracture with radial head dislocation

41
Q

What is galleazzi?

A

radial fracture with distal radial ulnar joint dislocation

42
Q

Who is the parent structure of the ulnar and radial artery?

A

Brachial artery

43
Q

What movement does the humeroulnar joint do?

A

Elbow flexion and extension

44
Q

What movement does the humeroradial joint do? What kind of joint is it?

A

Elbow flexion and extension

Synovial, hinge

45
Q

What movement does the proximal radioulnar joint do? What kind of joint is it?

A

Pronation and supination

Synovial, pivot

46
Q

Borders of the cubital fossa? Contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?

A

Superior- imaginary line from the lateral and medial epicondyle

Medial- lateral border of pronator teres

Lateral- medial border of the brachioradialis muscle

TAN
Biceps Tendon, Brachial Artery, Median Nerve

47
Q

What is the median cubital vein?

A

Where the cephalic and basilic veins meet

Where blood is drawn

48
Q

What is the interosseus membrane?

A

holds the radius and ulna together

transfer axial forces from distal radius to proximal ulna

49
Q

What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint? What movement does it support?

A

Pivot type joint

Pronation and supination

50
Q

What movement does the radiocarpal joint support?

A

flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation

51
Q

What movement does the midcarpal joint support?

A

flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation and circumduction

52
Q

What kind of joint is the CMC joint of the thumb?

A

Saddle, Basilar

53
Q

What makes up the anatomical snuffbox?

A

APL
EPL
EPB

54
Q

What are in each extensor compartment?

A

1st compartment: Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

2nd: ECRB, ECRL

3rd: Extensor pollicis longus

4th: Extensor digitorum and indicis

5th: exrensor digiti minimi

6th: extensor carpi ulnaris

55
Q

What are the three different arches in the hand?

A

Distal transverse arch
Proximal transverse arch
Longitudinal arch

56
Q

What are in the three flexor compartments?

A

Superficial: flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate: Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep: Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

57
Q

What is no man’s zone?

A

Where FDS bifurcates to allow FDP to go through which is in zone 2

58
Q

How many annular pulleys? How many cruciate pulleys?

A

Annular- circular and 5
Cruciate- cross and 4

59
Q

What is trigger finger?

A

stenosing tenosynovitis, Inflammation of A1 pulley

60
Q

What is in Guyon’s canal? What are its borders?

A

Ulnar artery and nerve, pisiform and hook of hamate

61
Q

Where is another place where the ulnar nerve can be compressed?

A

Cubital tunnel

human gross anatomy (8 decks)

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