test 2 Flashcards
What is the Quadrangular Space?
Inferior margin: teres minor
surgical neck of humerus
Superior margin: teres major
Lateral margin: long head of the triceps brachii
Contents: axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
What is the Triangular Space?
Superior margin: teres major
Inferior margin: teres minor
Medial margin: long head of the triceps brachii
Contents: circumflex scapular artery and vein
What is the Triangular Interval?
Lateral margin: long head of the triceps brachii
Shaft of the humerus
Inferior Margin: teres major
Contents: profunda brachii artery and radial nerve
Where does the radial nerve divide at?
At the lateral epicondyle into deep and superficial branches
Deep Radial Artery changes to PIN
What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?
Radial: C5, C6. C7, C8. T1
Musculocutaneous Nerve: C5, C6, C7
Ulnar: C7, C8, T1
Axillary: C5, C6
Median: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
What is Syndactyly?
fusion of two or more digits
What is Polydactyly?
Extra digits
What is macrodactyly?
enlarged digits
What is adactyly?
absence of digits
What is ectrodactyly?
lobster claw, typically missing middle finger
What is amelia?
complete absence of one or more extremities
What is meromelia?
partial absence of one or more extremities
What is phocomelia?
shortened lower extremities
What and where does the brachiocephalic artery split into?
Subclavian artery, axillary artery at 1st rib, and brachial artery at inferior border of teres major
After day 20, the mesoderm splits into how many pairs of somites and spinal nerve pairs?
44 somites and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Upper limb buds at what spinal nerves? Lower Limb buds at what spinal nerves?
C5-T1
L2-S2
What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder Flexion? (4)
Prime Movers: Anterior Deltoid, coracobrachilais
Secondary Movers: Pec Major clavicular, Long head of biceps
What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder Extension? (5)
Prime Movers: Lats, teres major, posterior deltoid
Secondary Movers: Long head of tricep, pec major sternocostal head
What are prime movers for Shoulder abduction? (2)
Middle Deltoid
Supraspinatus
What are prime movers for Shoulder adduction? (4)
Lats, teres major, coracobrachialis, long head of triceps
What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder External Rotation? (3)
Prime: Infraspinatus and teres minor
Secondary: posterior deltoid
What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder internal rotation? (5)
Prime: Subscapularis, lats, teres major, pec minor
Secondary: Anterior deltoid
What are prime movers for Shoulder horizontal abduction? (4)
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor
What are prime movers and secondary movers for hadd
Prime: pec major
Prime: anterior deltoid, coracobrqchialis
Total ROM of shoulder abduction? What two joints do this movement?
180 degrees, ST joint and GHJ joint
30 degrees- no ST motion
30-120 degrees- 1:1
120-180 degrees- 2 or 3:1
What movement does the coracohymeral ligament resist?
External rotation of shoulder with arm at side
What movement does the superior glenohumeral ligament prevent?
Limits inferior translation and ER
What movement does the middle GHJ prevent?
Limits anterior translation
What movement does Inferior GHL resist?
Superior and anterior translation and External rotation
What does the costoclavicular ligament prevent?
Checks clavicular elevation and superior glide
What movement does the interclavicular ligament prevent?
Checks excessive depression and downward glide
What movement does anterior and posterior SC ligament prevent?
Checks excessive A/P motion
What does the acromio clavicular ligament do?
Stabilizes AC joint
What movement does the coracoclavicular ligament prevent? What two parts of it?
conoid- prevents vertical displacement
trapezoid- most lateral, guides clavicle during rotation
Falling on shoulder vs falling on elbow?
Falling on elbow results in AC joint dislocation with no ligament rupture
Falling on shoulder results in AC joint and coracoclavicular rupture
What movement does the radial collateral ligament resist?
Hyperextension of the elbow
What movement does the ulnar collateral ligament resist?
Valgus stress (over head throwing motions) and hyperextension of the elbow
What is Tommy John’s surgery?
Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament typical in athletes
What movement does the annular ligament assist?
Stabilizes the radial head in the radial notch for pronation and supination
What is monteggia?
ulnar fracture with radial head dislocation
What is galleazzi?
radial fracture with distal radial ulnar joint dislocation
Who is the parent structure of the ulnar and radial artery?
Brachial artery
What movement does the humeroulnar joint do?
Elbow flexion and extension
What movement does the humeroradial joint do? What kind of joint is it?
Elbow flexion and extension
Synovial, hinge
What movement does the proximal radioulnar joint do? What kind of joint is it?
Pronation and supination
Synovial, pivot
Borders of the cubital fossa? Contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?
Superior- imaginary line from the lateral and medial epicondyle
Medial- lateral border of pronator teres
Lateral- medial border of the brachioradialis muscle
TAN
Biceps Tendon, Brachial Artery, Median Nerve
What is the median cubital vein?
Where the cephalic and basilic veins meet
Where blood is drawn
What is the interosseus membrane?
holds the radius and ulna together
transfer axial forces from distal radius to proximal ulna
What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint? What movement does it support?
Pivot type joint
Pronation and supination
What movement does the radiocarpal joint support?
flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation
What movement does the midcarpal joint support?
flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation and circumduction
What kind of joint is the CMC joint of the thumb?
Saddle, Basilar
What makes up the anatomical snuffbox?
APL
EPL
EPB
What are in each extensor compartment?
1st compartment: Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
2nd: ECRB, ECRL
3rd: Extensor pollicis longus
4th: Extensor digitorum and indicis
5th: exrensor digiti minimi
6th: extensor carpi ulnaris
What are the three different arches in the hand?
Distal transverse arch
Proximal transverse arch
Longitudinal arch
What are in the three flexor compartments?
Superficial: flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate: Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep: Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
What is no man’s zone?
Where FDS bifurcates to allow FDP to go through which is in zone 2
How many annular pulleys? How many cruciate pulleys?
Annular- circular and 5
Cruciate- cross and 4
What is trigger finger?
stenosing tenosynovitis, Inflammation of A1 pulley
What is in Guyon’s canal? What are its borders?
Ulnar artery and nerve, pisiform and hook of hamate
Where is another place where the ulnar nerve can be compressed?
Cubital tunnel
