heart & lungs Flashcards
Where is the sternal angle located?
T4/T5 disc
What are the structures that pass through the diaphragm?
Inferior vena cava at T8
Esophagus and vagus nerve at T10
Aorta and thoracic duct at T12
“I ate 10 eggs at 12”
What is the action of the external intercostals?
Draws ribs superiorly increasing the space of thoracic cavity
What is the action of the internal intercostals/innermost intercostals?
Draws ribs inferiorly decreasing the space of the thoracic cavity
Assists the internal intercostals
What is the action of the serratus posterior and inferior?
Superior- elevates ribs with inhalation
Inferior- depresses ribs with exhalation
What is the action of the transversus thoracis?
Depresses costal cartilages
What is the action of the levator costarum? and where is it located?
Lateral to TP
Elevate ribs, assisting respiration
What are the actions and nerve innervation of the Serratus anterior?
Protracts the scapula
Upwardly rotates the scapula
Holds scapula against thoracic wall
Long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7)
What is the parent structure of the internal thoracic arteries?
Subclavian artery
Dermatomes at T2, T4, T6, T10
T2- axilla
T4- nipples
T6- xiphoid process
T10- belly button
How many fissures does the right lung have?
How many fissures does the left lung have?
2 fissures the oblique fissure and horizontal fissure
1 fissure, oblique fissure
At what spinal level does the trachea split?
T4/T5
What is a pneumothorax?
Collapsed lung, negative air pressure into lungs causes it to collapse
What are the 2 most common COPD Dx?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Mediastinum sternal angle at what spinal level?
C4/C5
The start of systole/ disatole is what sound?
Lub and dub
Right coronary artery vs Left coronary artery?
RCA: originates from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta between right atrium and ventricle
Branches: SA nodal branch and R marginal branch
LCA: circumflex branch, L marginal branch and Anterior interventricular (LAD)
Nickname: Widow maker
Diastole and Systole in terms of the valves?
- beginning of diastole upon closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
- opening of AV valves during early moments of diastole
- atrial contraction during final moments of diastole
- Closure of Av valves very soon after systole
- Opening of aortic and pulmonary valves during systole
The right atrium contains the?
SA node the pacemaker of the heart and Av node
What are the borders of the heart?
Superior border: Formed by two atria, L costal cartilage between 2nd and 3rd rib, Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk emerge here and SVC enters on right side
Right border: Formed by right atrium, R third costal cartilage at sternum
Inferior border: formed by the RV, 6th costal cartilage
Left border: Formed by L ventricle, 5th intercostal space at L midclavicular line
Right vagus nerves travels with?
Left vagus nerve travels with?
Right- trachea then with esophagus
Left- travels on aortic arch then behind pulmonary vessels
The diaphragm is innervated by what nerve? The diaphragm refers pain to?
Phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5), Shoulder and 1/2 of diaphragm sends to L and R
R phrenic nerve travels with?
L phrenic nerve travels with?
Right, travels along with SVC and IVC
Left, travels over the peridcardium
