Test Flashcards
What is the process of taking food into the body called?
Ingestion
It is the first stage of digestion.
What is mechanical digestion?
Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
Begins in the mouth with mastication (chewing) and continues in the stomach through churning.
What processes are involved in propulsion within the digestive tract?
Swallowing and peristalsis
Peristalsis involves muscle contractions that help move food.
What is chemical digestion?
Breaking down food into simpler nutrients
Starts in the mouth with salivary amylase and continues in the stomach and small intestine with various enzymes.
Which hormones are involved in the digestive process?
Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin (CCK), and bile
These hormones regulate various aspects of digestion.
What is the primary function of absorption in the digestive system?
Taking digested nutrients into the bloodstream
Typically occurs in the small intestine.
What is defecation?
The final stage of digestion where waste products are expelled
Involves the anus.
What does gastrin do?
Stimulates secretion of gastric juice
Gastric juice is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
What triggers the release of cholecystokinin (CCK)?
Detection of fats and proteins in the duodenum
CCK stimulates the gallbladder to release bile.
What is the role of secretin in digestion?
Stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice
Helps neutralize acidic gastric juice.
What is bile essential for?
Fat digestion and absorption
Also carries waste products into the feces.
What hormones regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin and glucagon
Insulin allows glucose uptake; glucagon stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose.
Fill in the blank: The first part of the small intestine is called the _______.
duodenum
It plays a key role in digestion.
