Respitory System

Question 1

Structure

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alevoli

Question 2

Respiratory Zone

Answer 2

-Where gas exchange takes place

Question 3

Conductive zone

Answer 3

Air brought from outside to inside

Question 4

What does the respiratory system include?

Answer 4

Nose, mouth, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

Question 5

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Facilitate the delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body for cellular respiration

Question 6

What are the two main types of respiration?

Answer 6

External respiration and internal respiration

Question 7

What is external respiration?

Answer 7

The exchange of gas between the lungs and the blood
Diaphragm relaxes moves up
Interoctsal muscle relax move down
Thoracic cavity volume decreases and pressure increases
Edit

Question 8

What is internal respiration?

Answer 8

The exchange of gas between the blood and tissues
Diaphragm contract move down
Intercostal muscle contract move up
Thoracic cavity volume increases and pressure decreases
Edit

Question 9

What is the role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

Answer 9

Used to enlarge the chest cavity during pulmonary respiration (breathing)

Question 10

What are secondary functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 10

pH regulation of the blood, thermoregulation, odor detection, and production of speech

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the gas exchange site in the lungs.

Answer 11

Alveoli

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The _______ moves air from the throat to the lungs.

Answer 12

Trachea

Question 13

True or False: The right lung is larger than the left lung.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the pathway of air during respiration?

Answer 14

Mouth or nose -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli

Question 15

What is thermoregulation in the context of the respiratory system?

Answer 15

The regulation of body temperature through the respiratory process

Question 16

What are the components of the conductive zone of the respiratory system?

Answer 16

Nose, mouth, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea

Question 17

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

Answer 17

To increase the surface area for air filtration, humidification, and warming

Question 18

What happens during gas exchange in the alveoli?

Answer 18

Oxygen is loaded into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed

Question 19

List the parts of the respiratory system involved in gas exchange.

Answer 19

• Alveoli
• Right lung
• Left lung

Question 20

What is the role of sinuses in the respiratory system?

Answer 20

To lighten the skull, produce mucus, and affect voice quality

Question 21

What is the function of the respiratory membrane?

Answer 21

The respiratory membrane allows for pressure gradients across a shared membrane between the capillaries and alveoli, facilitating the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.

Question 22

How does the respiratory system contribute to thermoregulation?

Answer 22

The respiratory system regulates body temperature by constricting capillaries to conserve heat and dilating them to release heat. Exhalation of warm, moistened air also helps cool the body.

Question 23

What role does the respiratory system play in protection against disease?

Answer 23

The respiratory system filters particulate matter and protects against disease through nostril hairs, mucus, lysozymes, cilia, immunoglobulin A (IgA), mast cells, and macrophages.

Question 24

What is the function of lysozymes in the respiratory system?

Answer 24

Lysozymes within the mucus help to break down trapped debris.

Question 25

What are mast cells and their role in the respiratory tract?

Answer 25

Mast cells release inflammatory chemicals that increase blood flow to the region and alert the immune system to threats.

Question 26

What is the structure of the lungs?

Answer 26

The lungs are spongy, porous organs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity and are lined by a serous membrane called the pleura.

Question 27

What separates the right and left lungs?

Answer 27

The right lung is three-lobed and the left lung is two-lobed, separated by the mediastinum.

Question 28

What is the bronchial tree?

Answer 28

The bronchial tree is formed by the repeated splitting of primary bronchi into secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and bronchioles.

Question 29

What are respiratory bronchioles characterized by?

Answer 29

Respiratory bronchioles are characterized by the presence of some alveoli.

Question 30

What do alveolar ducts terminate in?

Answer 30

Alveolar ducts terminate in alveolar sacs.

Question 31

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 31

The diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity.

Question 32

What muscles are involved in breathing?

Answer 32

The diaphragm, along with the external and internal intercostal muscles of the rib cage, are responsible for changing the volume and pressure of air in the lungs.

Question 33

What law does the mechanism of breathing follow?

Answer 33

The mechanism of breathing follows Boyle's law, which states that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, assuming the temperature is constant.

Question 34

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 34

During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals contract, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, resulting in a decrease in intrapleural pressure, allowing air to enter the lungs.

Question 35

What is negative-pressure breathing?

Answer 35

Negative-pressure breathing occurs when the pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure, causing air to move into the lungs.

Question 36

How is expiration achieved?

Answer 36

Expiration is usually a passive process achieved by relaxing the muscles that facilitated inhalation, leading to a decrease in thoracic cavity volume and an increase in intrapleural pressure, allowing air to leave the lungs.

Question 37

What can forcefully push air out during expiration?

Answer 37

Air can be forcibly pushed out through the contraction of the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles.

Question 38

What is the role of the circulatory system in respiration?

Answer 38

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen to capillaries and removing carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 39

What happens to oxygen during respiration?

Answer 39

Oxygen moves into capillaries, dissolves in fluids, and is transported to hemoglobin.