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Teas Ap > Respitory System > Flashcards

Respitory System Flashcards

1
Q

Structure

A

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alevoli

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2
Q

Respiratory Zone

A

-Where gas exchange takes place

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3
Q

Conductive zone

A

Air brought from outside to inside

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4
Q

What does the respiratory system include?

A

Nose, mouth, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

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5
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Facilitate the delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body for cellular respiration

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6
Q

What are the two main types of respiration?

A

External respiration and internal respiration

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7
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The exchange of gas between the lungs and the blood
Diaphragm relaxes moves up
Interoctsal muscle relax move down
Thoracic cavity volume decreases and pressure increases
Edit

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8
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

The exchange of gas between the blood and tissues
Diaphragm contract move down
Intercostal muscle contract move up
Thoracic cavity volume increases and pressure decreases
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9
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

A

Used to enlarge the chest cavity during pulmonary respiration (breathing)

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10
Q

What are secondary functions of the respiratory system?

A

pH regulation of the blood, thermoregulation, odor detection, and production of speech

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the gas exchange site in the lungs.

A

Alveoli

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ moves air from the throat to the lungs.

A

Trachea

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13
Q

True or False: The right lung is larger than the left lung.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the pathway of air during respiration?

A

Mouth or nose -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli

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15
Q

What is thermoregulation in the context of the respiratory system?

A

The regulation of body temperature through the respiratory process

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16
Q

What are the components of the conductive zone of the respiratory system?

A

Nose, mouth, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea

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17
Q

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

A

To increase the surface area for air filtration, humidification, and warming

18
Q

What happens during gas exchange in the alveoli?

A

Oxygen is loaded into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed

19
Q

List the parts of the respiratory system involved in gas exchange.

A
  • Alveoli
  • Right lung
  • Left lung
20
Q

What is the role of sinuses in the respiratory system?

A

To lighten the skull, produce mucus, and affect voice quality

21
Q

What is the function of the respiratory membrane?

A

The respiratory membrane allows for pressure gradients across a shared membrane between the capillaries and alveoli, facilitating the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.

22
Q

How does the respiratory system contribute to thermoregulation?

A

The respiratory system regulates body temperature by constricting capillaries to conserve heat and dilating them to release heat. Exhalation of warm, moistened air also helps cool the body.

23
Q

What role does the respiratory system play in protection against disease?

A

The respiratory system filters particulate matter and protects against disease through nostril hairs, mucus, lysozymes, cilia, immunoglobulin A (IgA), mast cells, and macrophages.

24
Q

What is the function of lysozymes in the respiratory system?

A

Lysozymes within the mucus help to break down trapped debris.

25
Q

What are mast cells and their role in the respiratory tract?

A

Mast cells release inflammatory chemicals that increase blood flow to the region and alert the immune system to threats.

26
Q

What is the structure of the lungs?

A

The lungs are spongy, porous organs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity and are lined by a serous membrane called the pleura.

27
Q

What separates the right and left lungs?

A

The right lung is three-lobed and the left lung is two-lobed, separated by the mediastinum.

28
Q

What is the bronchial tree?

A

The bronchial tree is formed by the repeated splitting of primary bronchi into secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and bronchioles.

29
Q

What are respiratory bronchioles characterized by?

A

Respiratory bronchioles are characterized by the presence of some alveoli.

30
Q

What do alveolar ducts terminate in?

A

Alveolar ducts terminate in alveolar sacs.

31
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

The diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity.

32
Q

What muscles are involved in breathing?

A

The diaphragm, along with the external and internal intercostal muscles of the rib cage, are responsible for changing the volume and pressure of air in the lungs.

33
Q

What law does the mechanism of breathing follow?

A

The mechanism of breathing follows Boyle’s law, which states that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, assuming the temperature is constant.

34
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A

During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals contract, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, resulting in a decrease in intrapleural pressure, allowing air to enter the lungs.

35
Q

What is negative-pressure breathing?

A

Negative-pressure breathing occurs when the pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure, causing air to move into the lungs.

36
Q

How is expiration achieved?

A

Expiration is usually a passive process achieved by relaxing the muscles that facilitated inhalation, leading to a decrease in thoracic cavity volume and an increase in intrapleural pressure, allowing air to leave the lungs.

37
Q

What can forcefully push air out during expiration?

A

Air can be forcibly pushed out through the contraction of the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles.

38
Q

What is the role of the circulatory system in respiration?

A

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen to capillaries and removing carbon dioxide from the body.

39
Q

What happens to oxygen during respiration?

A

Oxygen moves into capillaries, dissolves in fluids, and is transported to hemoglobin.

40
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

A

The diaphragm contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation.

Teas Ap (12 decks)

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