Reproductive System

Question 1

What hormone is produced at higher levels in males to support sperm production?

Answer 1

Testosterone

Testosterone levels increase significantly after puberty, facilitating sperm production.

Question 2

What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

Answer 2

To produce estrogen and oocytes

Estrogen is released in higher quantities during the menstrual cycle, particularly during ovulation.

Question 3

List the internal male genitalia.

Answer 3

• Epididymis
• Vas deferens
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate gland
• Cowper’s glands
  Urethra
  ## Footnote

These structures are crucial for sperm maturation, storage, and ejaculation.

Question 4

What is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 4

To nourish and store sperm until ejaculation

The epididymis is a convoluted tube attached to the testicle.

Question 5

What fluid do seminal vesicles secrete, and what is its significance?

Answer 5

This fluid contains fructose, prostaglandins, and proteins that nourish sperm.

Question 6

What is the composition and role of prostate gland secretions in semen?

Answer 6

Prostate secretions are essential for optimal sperm mobility .

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The _______ glands secrete a lubricating fluid that makes up 2-5% of semen volume.

Answer 7

Cowper’s

Also known as bulbourethral glands, they help in lubrication during ejaculation.

Question 8

What is the primary passageway for sperm during ejaculation?

Answer 8

Urethra

The sperm travels through the urethra after passing through the vas deferens and ejaculatory duct.

Question 9

What is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 9

Protects the sperm-producing testes and keeps them at the proper temperature.

Question 10

What are the internal female genitalia?

Answer 10

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina.

Question 11

What do the ovaries produce and secrete?

Answer 11

Produce oocytes and secrete sex hormones.

Question 12

Where does fertilization typically occur?

Answer 12

In the fallopian tube.

Question 13

What is the uterus and its primary role?

Answer 13

A muscular, pear-shaped organ that nourishes and protects the developing embryo.

Question 14

What is the cervix?

Answer 14

The neck of the uterus that opens to the vagina.

Question 15

What are the external female genitalia structures collectively known as?

Answer 15

The vulva.

Question 16

What is the role of Bartholin’s glands?

Answer 16

Produce a fluid that lubricates the vagina.

Question 17

What is the clitoris composed of?

Answer 17

Erectile tissue full of nerve endings that contribute to sexual arousal.

Question 18

What are gonads?

Answer 18

Components of the reproductive system that produce gametes and secrete hormones.

Question 19

What are the male gonads?

Answer 19

Testes.

Question 20

What is the function of Leydig cells?

Answer 20

Produce testosterone.

Question 21

What is the rete testis?

Answer 21

A network that brings maturing sperm cells to the efferent ducts.

Question 22

What are the female gonads?

Answer 22

Ovaries.

Question 23

Where do the ovaries rest?

Answer 23

In slight depressions known as the ovarian fossae.

Question 24

What forms after ovulation in the ovary?

Answer 24

The corpus luteum.

Question 25

What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 25

Progesterone and small amounts of estrogen.

Question 26

What is sexual determination based on?

Answer 26

The presence of XX (female) or XY (male) chromosomes.

Question 27

What gene is responsible for male development?

Answer 27

The SRY gene on the Y chromosome.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The _______ duct degenerates in males.

Answer 28

Müllerian

Question 29

What happens in the absence of the Y chromosome during embryonic development?

Answer 29

The embryo will be female.

Question 30

What do Wolffian ducts give rise to?

Answer 30

Male internal reproductive structures.

Question 31

What do Müllerian ducts give rise to?

Answer 31

Female internal reproductive structures.

Question 32

At what point after conception are the differences in external genitalia evident?

Answer 32

Seven weeks.

Question 33

What hormone does the hypothalamus release at puberty?

Answer 33

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 34

What two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to GnRH?

Answer 34

* Luteinizing hormone (LH) * Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 35

What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 35

* Follicular phase * Ovulation * Luteal phase

Question 36

What hormone stimulates the maturation of the follicle during the follicular phase?

Answer 36

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Question 37

What role does estrogen play during the ovarian cycle?

Answer 37

Helps to regenerate the uterine lining.

Question 38

What induces ovulation?

Answer 38

A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 39

What is formed from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation?

Answer 39

The corpus luteum.

Question 40

What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 40

* Progesterone * Estrogen

Question 41

What happens to the corpus luteum without the implantation of a fertilized egg?

Answer 41

It begins to regress.

Question 42

What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

Answer 42

* Proliferative phase * Secretory phase * Menstrual phase

Question 43

What characterizes the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 43

Regeneration of the uterine lining.

Question 44

What is secreted during the secretory phase to prepare for implantation?

Answer 44

Nutrients.

Question 45

What hormone is released when a blastocyst implants in the uterine lining?

Answer 45

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Question 46

What does hCG prevent?

Answer 46

The corpus luteum from degrading.

Question 47

What initiates the increase in estrogen and decrease in progesterone during parturition?

Answer 47

Increased levels of fetal glucocorticoids.

Question 48

What is the role of oxytocin during parturition?

Answer 48

Stimulates uterine contractions.

Question 49

What hormone levels increase during pregnancy but are inhibited by estrogen and progesterone?

Answer 49

Prolactin.

Question 50

What stimulates the production of milk after parturition?

Answer 50

Prolactin.

Question 51

What does suckling stimulate the release of?

Answer 51

Oxytocin.