Test

Question 1

Endocytosis

Answer 1

Taking liquid or solids into a cell by vesicular transport.

Question 2

Exocytosis

Answer 2

When the contents of a vesicle inside the cell are passed to the outside. The contents of the vesicle are pushed out into the extra cellular fluid.

Question 3

Pinocytosis

Answer 3

Taking liquids into the cell (type of endocytosis)

Question 4

Phagocytosis

Answer 4

When the vesicles contain solid particles (endocytosis)

Question 5

Functions of cell membrane

Answer 5

1. Acts as a Physical barrier
2. It regulates Passage of materials
3. Sensitive to changes
4. Helps Support the cell

Question 6

How is Physical barrier a function

Answer 6

The membrane separates the cell cytoplasm from the extra cellular fluid around the cell.

Question 7

Regulates the passage of materials

Answer 7

The membrane controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell. Eg the entry of ions and nutrients, the removal of water and release of secretions.

Question 8

Sensitive to changes

Answer 8

The cell membrane is the part of the cell affected by any changes in the extra cellular fluid. Also has receptors that are sensitive to particular molecules in its immediate environment.

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

All the chemical reactions that take place in cells, and therefore in the organism of which the cell as are a part of.

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

The reactions in which small molecules are built up into larger ones. Eg protein synthesis.

Question 11

Catabolic reactions

Answer 11

Release energy

Question 12

Anabolic reactions

Answer 12

Require energy

Question 13

Why are enzymes needed

Answer 13

The allow chemical reactions to occur at a fast enough rate at body temperature for the body to function. Without them the reactions would be too slow

Question 14

Factors that affect enzyme activity

Answer 14

1. Enzyme concentration
2. Substrate concentration
3. Temperature
4. pH
5. The products of the reaction must be continually removed

Question 15

Enzyme concentration

Answer 15

The higher the concentration of the enzyme the faster the rate of a chemical reaction.

Question 16

Substrate concentration

Answer 16

Also increases the rate of the reaction, because there are more substrate molecules coming into contact with the enzyme molecules.

Question 17

Temperature

Answer 17

The rate of most chemical reactions increases as temp increases. Also with Enzyme reactions however most enzyme reactions happen within 30-40 degrees. Beyond 45-50 degrees they are denatured.

Question 18

How pH affects enzyme activity

Answer 18

Enzymes are very sensitive to pH of the medium in which a reaction is taking place. Each enzyme has an optimum pH.

Question 19

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 19

The production of lactic acid from glucose. Respiration without oxygen.

Question 20

Aerobic respiration

Answer 20

The complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water requires oxygen. Respiration requiring oxygen.

Question 21

Supports the cell

Answer 21

The internal part of the cell membrane is attached to the cells cytoskeleton, thus giving support to the whole cell.

Question 22

Catabolism

Answer 22

The reactions in which large molecules are broken into smaller ones (digestion)

Question 23

The products of the reaction must be continually removed

Answer 23

Otherwise the rate of reaction will slow because it becomes more difficult for the substrate molecules to make contact with the enzyme molecules.