Important Stuff Hopefully Bc Ive Given Up On Learninf 10000000

Question 1

Blood clotting

Answer 1

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug
3. Coagulation

Question 2

Vasoconstriction

Answer 2

Muscles in small walls of arteries constrict to reduce blood flow.

Question 3

Platelet plug

Answer 3

Temporary clump of platelets that forms at the site of a blood vessel to stop bleeding.

Question 4

Coagulation

Answer 4

Needed for more serious injuries. Fibrin strands weave through platelet plug. Strengthens clot.

Question 5

Components of blood

Answer 5

• 55% blood plasma
• RBC (Erythocytes
• WBC (Leucocytes)
• Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Question 6

Mechanisms of breathing

Answer 6

Inspiration and expiration

Question 7

Intestinal juice enzymes

Answer 7

• Peptidase: Break down peptides into amino acids
• Sucrase, lactase and maltase: Sucrose, lactose and maltose into monosaccharides
• Lipases to break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Pancreatic juice enzymes

Answer 8

• Pancreatic amylase: Breaks down starch into dissacharide
• Trypsin: Splits proteins into peptides
• Pancreatic lipase: Enzymes that break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
• Ribonuclease: Enzymes that digest RNA and DNA

Question 9

pH of pancreatic juice

Answer 9

8.3 - 8.6

Question 10

pH of urine

Answer 10

6.0 - 7.5

Question 11

pH of digestive juices

Answer 11

7.5 - 8.5

Question 12

Factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 12

1. Concentration of enzyme
2. Concentration of substrate.
3. Products of reaction must be completely removed
4. Temperature
5. pH

Question 13

Antagonist pairs of muscles

Answer 13

Muscles that perform opposite actions to each other. (Triceps)

Question 14

Agonist pairs of muscles

Answer 14

Muscles that cause desired actions. (Biceps)

Question 15

Structure of alveoli and how it’s supported to its function

Answer 15

• Large surface area to maximise area for gas exchange
• Thin walls to allow gases to diffuse quickly
• Maintain steep concentration gradients for oxygen and carbon dioxide,

Question 16

How is structure of villi suited to its function

Answer 16

• Microvilli increase surface area for more nutrient absorption
• Thin epithelial layer
• Rich blood supply because of dense network of capillaries
• Presence of lacteals

Question 17

Origin

Answer 17

The end of a muscle fixed to the stationary bone.

Question 18

Different types of cartilage

Answer 18

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 19

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 19

Consists of closely packed collagenous fibres (Strength and stability)

Question 20

Elastic cartillage

Answer 20

Conspicuous elastic fibres as well as collagenous fibres. (Flexible elastic support)

Question 21

Fibrocartilage

Answer 21

Parallel bundles of thick fibres. (Can be comperessed slightly

Question 22

Diaphysis

Answer 22

Main shaft of the long bone. Cavity used as a fat storage site called yellow bone marrow cavity.

Question 23

Epiphyses

Answer 23

Enlarged ends of the bones filled with red blood marrow where blood cell production takes place.

Question 24

Types of cells

Answer 24

• Fat cells
• Ovum
• Sperm
• RBC
• Nerve cells

Question 25

Nerve cell

Answer 25

May have extensions up to a metre long

Question 26

Reliability

Answer 26

Repeated trials

Question 27

Validity

Answer 27

Measuring accurately

Question 28

Fairness

Answer 28

Having all controlled variables so you’re only testing one variable

Question 29

How volume and the pressure is related in breathing.

Answer 29

When you inhale: Your diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding your chest cavity. This increases the volume of your lungs and decreases the pressure inside them compared to the outside atmosphere. Because of this lower pressure, air flows into your lungs.

When you exhale: Your diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, making your chest cavity smaller. This decreases the volume of your lungs and increases the pressure inside them compared to the outside atmosphere. Because of this higher pressure, air flows out of your lungs.

Question 30

Components of Circulatory system

Answer 30

Heart, blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

Question 31

Components of Lymphatic system

Answer 31

Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

Question 32

Difference between circulatory and lymphatic system

Answer 32

The circulatory system circulates blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients, while the lymphatic system manages fluid balance, fat absorption, and immune responses.

Question 33

How does lymphatic system help fight disease

Answer 33

Filtering lymph through lymph nodes, producing and transporting lymphocytes, and mounting immune responses.

Question 34

Why do lymph nodes swell when sick

Answer 34

Due to increased lymphocyte production, trapping of pathogens, and inflammation, all of which are part of the body’s efforts to combat infection.

Question 35

Osteoporosis vs osteoarthritis

Answer 35

Osteoporosis involves bone weakening and increased fracture risk, primarily due to aging and hormonal changes. It is often symptomless until a fracture occurs.

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease caused by cartilage breakdown, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is primarily due to aging and joint wear and tear.

Question 36

How ATP is actually involved in energy

Answer 36

Third phosphate molecule breaks off of ATP to create ADP and energy. Then creatine phosphate resynthesises ADP by giving it a phosphate molecule.

Question 37

Anaerobic respiration is

Answer 37

Incomplete breakdown of glucose

Question 38

Aerobic respiration is

Answer 38

Complete breakdown of glucose