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Year 11 Human Bio > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does nuclease break down in pancreatic juics

A

Digest DNA and RNA

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2
Q

What does amylase break down in intestinal juice

A

Disaccharides to simple sugars

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3
Q

What do proteases/peptidases break down in intestinal juice

A

Peptides into amino acids

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4
Q

What do lipases break down in intestinal juice

A

Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

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5
Q

How are carbs broken down

A

Salivary amylase starts the breakdown. After breaking down throughout the digestive system, monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream.

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6
Q

Bile emulsification of fats

A

Bile is secreted into the small intestine through the common bile duct. They act like a detergent and emulsify the fat, breaking into tiny droplets. (Form of mechanical digestion as it increases the surface area in which the lipases can act to bring about the chemical digestion of fat)

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7
Q

What is protein first broken down by

A

Pepsinogen (inactive version of pepsin)

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8
Q

What happens when HCl acts on pepsinogen

A

Pepsin takes its active form. Through the actions of pepsin and the squeezing properties of the stomach.

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9
Q

Where is bile created and stored

A

Created in the liver stored in the gall bladder

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10
Q

What are the four different types of teeth and how many of each

A

4 incisors
2 canines
4 premolars
6 molars

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11
Q

Which teeth are used for cutting

A

Incisors and canines

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12
Q

Which teeth are used for grinding

A

Molars and premolars

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13
Q

Villi structure

A

Tiny finger like projections about 1mm long found inside the small intestine. Inside the villus is a lymph capillary called a lacteal, which is surrounded by a network of blood capillaries.

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14
Q

The macroscopic excretory system

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Bladder
  3. Ureters
  4. Urethra
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15
Q

The microscopic excretory system (nephron)

A
  1. Renal corpuscle
  2. Renal tubule
  3. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
  4. Loop of Henle
  5. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
  6. Collecting duct
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16
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

The smallest arterial vessel that supplies blood to the glomerulus, which is the initial filtering component of the nephron.

17
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

The small arterial vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration has occurred. (Skinnier)

18
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

The expanded end of the nephron. Looks like a double walled cup that surrounds and almost completely encloses the glomerulus.

19
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Consists of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule.

20
Q

Structure of the glomerulus

A

Network of capillaries located within the renal corpuscle. Consists of endothelial cells, basement membrane, podocytes, and mesangial cells.

21
Q

Selective reabsorption

A

Crucial process that occurs in renal tubules. After initial filtration of blood in glomerulus it allows kidneys to reclaim certain substances from this filtrate and return them to the bloodstream.
Includes. Water, glucose, amino acids and electrolytes.
Also second process in formation of urine

22
Q

What is there NOT in urine

A

Protein and glucose

23
Q

Why is there no protein in urine

A

Cannot be diffused through because it is too big due to selective filtration.

24
Q

Why is there no glucose in urine and

A

It can be diffused through however it is selectively reabsorbed into the blood. However sometimes can be in urine

25
Q

Composition of urine and how much

A

Water: 1-2L
Sodium Cl and other ions: 15g
Urea: 25g
Uric acid: 1g
Creatinine: 1.6g

26
Q

What are kidneys and its function

A

A pair of reddish brown organs located in the abdomen. Responsible for the removal of waste from blood and cleaned blood back to the body.

27
Q

What is the ureter

A

Muscular tube that carries urine to the bladder from the kidney.

28
Q

Deamination

A

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid molecule. Typically occurs in the liver.

29
Q

Deamination equation

A

Amino acid + oxygen (—>enzymes) carbohydrate + ammonia

30
Q

Ammonia is converted into

A

Urea. Because ammonia is toxic, therefore the cells of the liver rapidly convert ammonia to urea.

Year 11 Human Bio (19 decks)

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