test 1 pt. 2

Question 1

down syndrome people are at risk for what type of cancer

Answer 1

leukemia

Question 2

disease of the lymph nodes; lymph nodes are enlarged

Answer 2

lymphadenopathy; common in leukemia patients

Question 3

blast cells on a blood test is very indicative of

Answer 3

leukemia; also leukostasis greater than 100,000

Question 4

higher number of blast cells

Answer 4

thicker blood viscosity

Question 5

thromboembolism

Answer 5

blood clot

Question 6

embolism

Answer 6

blood clot that moves

Question 7

can cross blood brain barrier

Answer 7

any type of leukocytes

Question 8

clinical manifestation of leukemia

Answer 8

hyperuricemia ; destruction of wbc and the result is high levels of purine. purine- break down of uric acid due to all the leukemic cell death which leads to excessive uric acid

Question 9

chronic heart burn

Answer 9

GERD- creates barrett cells

Question 10

what forms barrett cells

Answer 10

metaplasia

Question 11

developing cancer

Answer 11

metaplasia and dyplasia

Question 12

what can cause necrotizing facitiis

Answer 12

Strep A; klebsiella, clostridum, e.coli

Question 13

allergic reactions

Answer 13

basophils

Question 14

ANC LEVELS

Answer 14

mild 1000-1500; moderate 500-1000; severe less than 500

Question 15

down syndrome have high risk

Answer 15

acute lymphoblastic anemia

Question 16

in the bone marrow

Answer 16

acute myeloid

Question 17

isolated wbc extremely high above 20,000

Answer 17

chronic lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 18

Philadelphia chromosome

Answer 18

chronic myeloid

Question 19

what factor is missing in von willebrands

Answer 19

clotting factor 8

Question 20

dehydration and stress

Answer 20

sickle cell anemia

Question 21

critical platelet

Answer 21

less than 20,000

Question 22

blood thinner; works against the entire hemostasis process ; against the entire clotting process

Answer 22

anticoagulant

Question 23

advanced aging

Answer 23

progeria

Question 24

cell mediators are released and platelets rush to the site; stick together to block it all up

Answer 24

formation of platelet plug

Question 25

intrinsic and extrinsic pathway that both lead to factor X

Answer 25

blood coagulation

Question 26

contract similar to the muscles

Answer 26

clot retraction

Question 27

TPA; tissue plasminogen activator (dissolves the clot)

Answer 27

clot dissolution/ lysis

Question 28

are composed of well-differentiated cells that resemble the normal counterpart both in terms of structure and function but have lost the ability to control cell proliferation.

Answer 28

benign neoplasms

Question 29

are less differentiated and have lost the ability to control both cell differentiation and proliferation. In general, the better the differentiation of a neoplasm,

Answer 29

malignant neoplasms

Question 30

tumor erodes and sheds cells into these spaces.

Answer 30

seeding

Question 31

``` slow growing capsulated non invasive well differentiated oma ```

Answer 31

benign tumors

Question 32

``` fast growing non capsulated metasize invasive carcinoma or sarcoma ```

Answer 32

malignant tumors

Question 33

igE mediated reactions that begin rapidly often within minutes of an antigen challenge

Answer 33

type 1 hypersensitivity

Question 34

Controls the reabsorption of water by the kidneys

Answer 34

antidiuretic hormone

Question 35

synthesized by cells in the nuclei of the hypothalamus and then transported to the posterior pituitary gland, where it is stored.

Answer 35

antidiuretic hormone

Question 36

what can stimulate the ADH

Answer 36

thirst serum osmolarity blood loss shift in fluid

Question 37

ADH levels are controlled by

Answer 37

extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and osmolality

Question 38

ADH pulls water from the cells which causes what urine

Answer 38

concentrated urine

Question 39

``` Severe pain Nausea Trauma Surgery Certain anesthetic agents Some narcotics (e.g., Morphine and Meperidine) ```

Answer 39

triggers for ADH

Question 40

Deficiency of ADH or a decreased renal response to ADH

Answer 40

diabetes Insipidus; we have it and body isn't responding or body is not making enough

Question 41

how much urine do diabetes insipidus

Answer 41

3-20 L per day ; looks like water no concentration