PRE LECTURE 1-7

Question 1

endoplasmic reticulum is the control center of the cell

Answer 1

false/ nucleus

Question 2

cells communicate with each other by means of chemical messenger systems

Answer 2

true

Question 3

glycolytic pathway does not require oxygen to produce cellular energy

Answer 3

true

Question 4

active transport across the cell membrane can occur with or without an energy source

Answer 4

false/ needs energy

Question 5

cells with a similar embryonic origin or function are often organized into larger functional units called tissues

Answer 5

true

Question 6

ANSWER tissue is he most abundant tissue type in the body

Answer 6

connective

Question 7

three types of ANSWER tissue exist; skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Answer 7

muscle

Question 8

literally means “cell eating” and involves the engulfment and subsequent killing or degrading of microorganisms and other particulate matter

Answer 8

phagocytosis

Question 9

serve as a sites of protein synthesis in the cell

Answer 9

rough ER

Question 10

cell metabolism is the process that converts carbs, proteins, and fats in ANSWER

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

major source of energy for all body cells

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

cells are able to adapt to changes in work demands or threats to survival by changing their size, number, and type

Answer 12

true

Question 13

apoptotic cell death and necrotic cell death are both pathologic forms of cell death that is unregulated and invariably injurious to the cell organism

Answer 13

false/ necrotic cell death

Question 14

prolonged exposure to cold increases blood viscosity and induces vasoconstrictions

Answer 14

true

Question 15

gas gangrene is a special type of gangrene that results from infection of devitalized tissues by one of several species of clostridium bacteria

Answer 15

true

Question 16

all mechanisms of cell injury (hypoxia, mechanical forces, extremes of temperature, electrical injuries, etc) lead to irreversible cellular damage with cell destruction or death

Answer 16

false

Question 17

decrease in the size of a tissue organ resulting from a decrease in the size of the individual cells or in the number of cells

Answer 17

atrophy

Question 18

involves the abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other minerals in dead or dying tissue

Answer 18

pathologic calcification

Question 19

utilized for programmed cell death or cell suicide

Answer 19

apoptosis

Question 20

refers to cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living person

Answer 20

necrosis

Question 21

represents a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type

Answer 21

metaplasia

Question 22

acute inflammation is the immediate and early response to an injurious agent and occurs in two phases: the vascular phase and the cellular phase

Answer 22

true

Question 23

chronic inflammation is self perpetuating and may last for weeks, months, or even years

Answer 23

true

Question 24

erythrocytes play a central role in the physiology of inflammation

Answer 24

false

Question 25

vasoconstriction occurs during the vascular stage of inflammation

Answer 25

true

Question 26

fever is a pathologic response to bacterial and viral infection with and has no positive outcome on illness

Answer 26

false

Question 27

these signs of inflammation are known as redness, swelling, heat, pain and loss of function

Answer 27

cardinal

Question 28

histamine, serotonin, cytokines, bradykinin, arachidonic acid, and platelet-activating factor are ANSWER of inflammation

Answer 28

mediators

Question 29

body temp is regulated by the thermoregulatory center in the

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

represents an increase in body temp due to resetting of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory set point as the result of endogenous pyrogens released from host macrophages or endothelial cells

Answer 30

fever / pyrexia

Question 31

refers to heat transfer through the circulation of air currents

Answer 31

convection

Question 32

stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the capacity to generate multiple cell types

Answer 32

true

Question 33

DNA synthesis takes place during the G0 phase of the cell cycle

Answer 33

false/ during S phase

Question 34

inflammatory phase of wound healing prepares the wound environment for the healing process

Answer 34

true

Question 35

formation of granulation tissue involves the creation of new capillaries

Answer 35

true

Question 36

a large surface wound is likely to heal by the process of primary intention

Answer 36

false/ secondary intention

Question 37

tissue contain cells that normally stop dividing when growth ceases

Answer 37

stable

Question 38

secreted locally and assembles into a network of spaces surrounding tissue cells during the process of tissue regeneration

Answer 38

extracellular matrix

Question 39

when regeneration cannot occur, healing by replacement with a connective tissue occurs, a process that terminates in

Answer 39

scar formation

Question 40

generally applied to small hormone like proteins that increase cell size and cell division

Answer 40

growth factor

Question 41

an abnormality in healing by scar tissue repair is the formation of ANSWER, which are benign tumor-like masses caused by excess production of scar tissue

Answer 41

keloid

Question 42

the genetic information needed for protein synthesis is encoded in the DNA contained in the cell nucleus

Answer 42

true

Question 43

there are 6 bases that make up the alphabet of the genetic code

Answer 43

false / 4

Question 44

RNA and DNA have the same general structure

Answer 44

false/ dna 2 strands rna 1

Question 45

polygenic inheritance can be predicted utilizing the medelian laws of genetic transmission

Answer 45

false / single gene expression

Question 46

messenger rna carries the instructions for protein synthesis

Answer 46

true

Question 47

involves the copying of the genetic code containing the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA to a complementary strand of mRNA

Answer 47

transcription

Question 48

recognizable traits, physical or biochemical, associated with a specific genotype

Answer 48

phenotype

Question 49

utilized to describe possible combinations that can occur with transmission of single gene dominant and recessive traits

Answer 49

punnet square

Question 50

cell cycle process in which non germ cells are replicated

Answer 50

mitosis

Question 51

limited to replicating germ cells and result in the formation of gametes or reproductive cells

Answer 51

meiosis

Question 52

type of RNA that functions to deliver the activated former amino acids to protein molecules in the ribosome

Answer 52

transfer RNA

Question 53

most genetic disorders are caused by an alteration in DNA sequences that alter the synthesis of a single gene product

Answer 53

true

Question 54

autosomal recessive disorders are manifested even if only one member of the gene pair is affected

Answer 54

false/ both members

Question 55

teratogenic agent is an environmental agent that produces abnormalities only during the first 4 weeks of embryonic or fetal development

Answer 55

true

Question 56

down syndrome, turner syndrome, and klinefelter syndrome are all examples of chromosomal disorders that occur from an alteration in chromosome number

Answer 56

true

Question 57

cleft lip and palate is an example of an autosomal dominant disorder

Answer 57

false / ex of mutifactoral inheritance disorders

Question 58

involves a single mutant allele that is transmitted from an affected parent to an offspring

Answer 58

autosomal dominant disorder

Question 59

sex linked disorders almost always are associated with the ANSWER chromosome and are predominantly recessive

Answer 59

X

Question 60

would be female, short in stature, lack in breast development, and would not menstruate

Answer 60

turner syndrome

Question 61

autosomal dominant disorder is a condition involving neurogenic tumors that arise from schwann cells and other elements of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 61

neurofibromatosis

Question 62

neural tube defects are often the result of

Answer 62

folic acid deficiency

Question 63

cancer is a disorder of altered cell differentiation and growth

Answer 63

true

Question 64

surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the only identified treatment modalities for cancer

Answer 64

false/ those plus hormonal therapy and biotherapy

Question 65

benign and malignant tumors are composed of parenchymal cells and connective tissue

Answer 65

true

Question 66

cell differentiation is the process whereby proliferating cells are transformed into different and more specialize cell types

Answer 66

true

Question 67

less differentiated tumors that grow in a crab like manner to invade surrounding tissues, have cells that break loose and travel to distant sites to form metastasis, and inevitably cause suffering and death unless their growth can be controlled through treatment

Answer 67

cancer

Question 68

involves the microscopic examination of cancer cells to determine their level of differentiation and the number of mitoses

Answer 68

grading a tumor

Question 69

in general, bengin tumors usually are named by adding the suffix ??? to the parenchymal tissue type from which the growth originated

Answer 69

-oma

Question 70

development of a secondary tumor in a location distant from the primary tumor

Answer 70

matestasis

Question 71

involve metastasis that occurs by way of the blood vessels

Answer 71

hematogenous

Question 72

the production of signs and symptoms at sites that are not directly affected by the disease or cancer

Answer 72

paraneoplastic syndromes