Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

22 spring: immunology > Test 1: lecture 4 DC cells > Flashcards

Test 1: lecture 4 DC cells Flashcards

1
Q

___ are the bridge between innate and adaptive immune system

A

dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gives specific information about the kind of proteins a pathogen has

A

dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dendritic cells are the ___ that sense pathogen and danger to link innate and adaptive immunity

A

sentinels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

•MHC II positive cells, such as ___ cells, are potent initiators of the Mixed Leukocyte Reaction

A

dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

three types of cells that present antigen

A

dendritic

macrophages

B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antigen presents ells express high amount of ___ as well as CD80, CD86

A

MHC class 1 and 2

(will stimulate a Tcell response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

___ integrin is found on the surface of dendritic cells

A

(integrins- tell where to go- binds sticky)

alphax beta2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do myeloid cells sense pathogens

A

innate immunity

receptors- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and
Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

cell surface and intracellular toll like receptors detect distinct PAMPs

TLR is a type of PRR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TLR are a type of ___. where are they found

A

PRR

Pattern Recognition Receptors

intracellular or cell surface

they recognize specific PAMPs (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do dendritic cells sense pathogens

A

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

each receptors is specialized from specific PAMPs (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what kind of PRR detect

–Double stranded RNA

–Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

–Unmethylated CpG DNA

–Flagellin

A

TLR-3 (ds RNA virus)

TLR-4 and MD-2 (detect gram - bacteria)

TLR-9 (DNA virus)

TLR-5 (motile bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what kind of danger does dendritic cells respond to?

A

•Conserved microbial motifs

–Double stranded RNA–Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–Unmethylated CpG DNA–Flagellin

•Products of tissue damage

–HMGB1–S100B–Uric acid–ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TLR trigger signals such as adapter molecule ___ to allow new gene expression and generates cytoskeletal changes that allow for phagocytosis

A

MyD88

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

___ are types of phagocytes

A

dendritic cells

neutrophils

monophils/macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___ cells do not “see” native antigen and need MHC to see

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

•T-cell Receptor responds to ___ cleaved from the antigen that are “presented” in the groove of an MHC molecule

A

peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peptides from antigens obtained from ___sources are presented in MHC II, and from the ____ in MHC I

A

extracellular

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

•DCs prepare the ___ for the T-cells and tell them whether to respond or not.

A

antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

DC cells can recruit T cells faster and recruit more T cells then other antigen presenting cells like B cells and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are DC developed?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 kinds of DC cells

A

lymphoid side adaptive:

activated CD 8+ cDC

activated CD8- cDC

myeloid innate:

monocyte derived inflammatory DC

activated plasmaDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

types of lymphoid DC cells

A

lymphoid side adaptive:

activated plasmaDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

myeloid DC cells

A

myeloid innate:

monocyte derived inflammatory DC

activated CD 8+ cDC

activated CD8- cDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IL-12

A

cytokine the recruits adaptive immune system to kill (reacts to intracellular pathogen)

cause CD4+ T cells → TH1 (organize kill response to pathogen→ produce IFN gamma make NK cells more deadly, induce rapid killing of virally infected cells)

enhanced CD8+ T cell effector response (kill cells)

cellular immunity

25
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

skin specific macrophages/dendritic cells

express CD1a

26
Q

CD8- DC cells express ___

A

CD11b

migrate from tissues to lymph nodes

tolerogenic properties

27
Q

CD103 DC

A

intestinal DC cells

tells gut to not react to normal food things → oral tolerance

express TLR 5 and TLR 9

28
Q

pDCs

A

produce type 1 interferons→ help with killing virus → antiviral

–TLR 7,8,9

can be lymphoid(adaptive) or myeloid (innate) lineage

29
Q

In the intestine, DC can activate Transforming growth factor beta and retinoic acid to promote___through expanding T regulatory cell function mice these are further divided into CD8a+ and CD8a-

A

immunosuppression

tolerate normal things, tells immune system to calm down

30
Q

In the lung, DC can promote tolerance to inhaled antigens by producing immunosuppressive ___

A

cytokines

31
Q

mucosal DC in the lungs and gut ___

A

keep things quiet

immunosuppression

keep areas from reacting to normal things

32
Q

immature vs mature DC

A

immature: low surface MHC-II, found in peripheral and lymphoid, highly endocytic → antigen accumulation

mature: high surface MHC-II and costimulators, found in lymphoid tissues, endocytosis reduced → T cell stimulation

33
Q

mature DC will have ___ on their surface

A

high amounts of MCH II

costimulators (CD80, CD86)

34
Q

___ are types of pattern recognition receptors used by DC to detect pathogens

A

toll like

nod like

other cytosolic receptors

35
Q

mature DC cells will increase the expression of costimulatory molecules ___

A

CD80, CD86

36
Q

what happens during DC maturation

A
  • Decreased macropinocytosis
  • Increased expression of costimulatory molecules -CD80, CD86
  • Upregulation of cytokines (IL-12)
  • Mediate T lymphocyte differentiation

Change expression of chemokines

37
Q

chemokine vs cytokines

A

chemokine- molecule that attract cells to itself

cytokines- small molecules/ proteins that communicate to other immune cells

38
Q

3 signal of DC cell to T cell

A
  • Signal 1 – antigen presented in MHC – “What should I respond to?”
  • Signal 2 – costimulation (CD80, CD86)– “Is is dangerous?”
  • Signal 3 – Cytokine milleu – “What type of response should I make?”PRR tell it what kind of antigen is there and tells it how to respond→ virus, bacteria ect
39
Q

signal 1 of DC cells to T cells

A

“What should I respond to?”

  • extracellular antigens are broken down and presented in MHC II to CD4+ T-cells
  • intracellular antigens are broken down and are presented in MHC I to CD8+ T-cells
  • The amount of any specific amount of a Signal 1 is proportional to:

–The amount of available antigen (increased with increased pathogens)

–The amount of MHC sent to the plasma membrane (increased upon maturation)

40
Q

•extracellular antigens are broken down and presented in ___

A

MHC II to CD4+ T-cells

41
Q

intracellular antigens are broken down and are presented in

A

MHC I to CD8+ T-cells

42
Q

what controls the amount of signal 1 from CD to Tcell

A

What should I respond to→ pathogen on MHC

–The amount of available antigen (increased with increased pathogens)

–The amount of MHC sent to the plasma membrane (increased upon maturation)

43
Q

•CD4+ T-cells bind to ___

A

MHC II cells

extracellular antigens

44
Q

CD8+ T-cells bind to ___

A

MHC class 1

intracellular antigens

45
Q

•Upon maturation, DCs stop ___, and send most of their MHC II to the plasma membrane, optimizing the amount of displayed antigen that was being acquired at the time danger is sensed

A

phagocytosing

push everything to the outside to attract T cells

46
Q

Signal 2 of DC to T cells

A

Is it dangerous?

  • costimulation: CD80 and CD86 – bind to CD28 on T-cell and provide extra signals to enhance TCR signals
  • OX40L – binds to OX40 on T-cells, promotes Th2 skewing
  • 4-1BBL – binds to 4-1BB and activates NFkB in T-cells

Upregulated upon maturation

47
Q

CD80 and CD86 – bind to ___

A

CD28 on T-cell

signal 2 of DC cells to T cells → is it dangerous

48
Q

what bind to CD28 on T-cell

A

costimultatory CD80 and CD86

signal 2 of DC to Tcells → is it dangerous

49
Q

signal 3 of DC to T Cell

A

what did I eat? what type of response should I have

PRR on the DC cells produce specific cytokines based on what they eat

those specific cytokines will tell the Tcell i ate a bacteria or I ate a virus and tell it what the next step is

50
Q

IL-12 and IL-18 will cause T cell to become

A

TH1 cell

killing response

51
Q

IL-33 will cause T cell to become

A

Th2 cell

52
Q

IL-1,6,23 and TGFbeta will cause T cell to become

A

TH17 cell

kill bacteria and fungus

53
Q

cytokines IL-12 will turn T cell into ___

A
  • Heterodimer – p35 and p40 (p40 is shared with other “IL-12 family members”)
  • Skews CD4+ T-cells toward Th1- killing response

CD4+ react to MHC II → extracellular pathogen

•Enhanced CD8+ T-cell effector responses

54
Q

cytokine IL-6 cause T cells to become ___

A
  • Drives fever, inflammation, acute phase response
  • Helps in skewing CD4+ T-cells toward Th17→ bacteria or fungus

CD4+ react to MHC II → extracellular pathogen

•Helps with B-cell differentiation and antibody production

55
Q

cytokine IL-10 cause T cells to become

A

•Anti-inflammatory cytokine

•Inhibits CD8+ T-cell effector responses

CD8+ react to MHC 1 → intracellular

•May help to skew CD4+ T-cells toward Treg phenotype

quieting cytokine

56
Q

__ is the anti-inflammatory cytokine

A

cytokine IL-10

57
Q

what cytokine drives fever and inflammation

A

IL-6

58
Q

Can phagocytosed antigen be presented to CD8+ T cells?

A

CD8+ T cells react to MHC 1 → intracellular antigens

cross presentation can allow for phagocytosed antigens to be seen by CD8+ T cells

CTL responses require MHC class I on hematopoetic APCs: Cross-presentation

22 spring: immunology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions