test 1 lecture 1 Flashcards
variolation
inoculation, crust of small pox and scratched into healthy person→ intensional infection
1-40 people died
vaccination started with
exposure to cow pox made you “immune” to small pox
vacca = cow
SARS- CoV-2
spike protein binds to ACE2
which is used in the renin- angiotensin system (decreased blood pressure triggers renin → angiotensin → increased blood pressure)
endocytosis or fusion then releases RNA → mRNA → proteins → new virus particles
ACE2 on type II alveolar cells
tropism
where a virus can attach-
were there are receptors for a specific thing
covid binds to ACE2 on type II alveolar cells in the lungs
immunity is the protection against ___ & maintaining a healthy community of cells
pathogens
primary lymphoid tissues
where immune cells develop
bone marrow
thymus
___ are primary lymphoid tissues
bone marrow
thymus
(where immune cells develop)
secondary lymphoid tissues are ___
places where immune cells organize for response
lymph nodes and spleen
examples of secondary lymphoid tissues are
lymph nodes and spleen
circulatory system of the immune system
lymphatic vessels
blood vessels
where do T cells finish development
thymus
white cells come from ___
hematopoietic stem cell
the two groups of white blood cells
myeloid (innate)
lymphoid (adaptive)
___ are examples of myeloid white blood cells
myeloid = innate immune system
___ are examples of lymphoid white blood cells
two types of adaptive response
humoral (antibodies)- B cells in plasma
cell mediated- helper T (memory), cytotoxic T cells and NK cells (kill infected cells)
primary vs secondary response of adaptive immune system
body will react faster and harder to 2nd infection
primary response and secondary response of innate immune response
reacts the same to every time you are infected
reacts almost immediately to infection
immune response 101
epithelial barrier will react to pathogen by sending signals to innate immune cells
innate immune cells will find and eat the pathogen
send signals to recruit help (neutrophils), put part of pathogen on their surface with MHC complex and move to lymph node
T cell will see pathogen it recognizes and replicate and make B and T cells and help kill pathogen
