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Paramedic Lecture: 1rst Semester > Test 1 Jeopardy > Flashcards

Test 1 Jeopardy Flashcards

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1
Q

A diabetic patient is unresponsive as hot, dry skin and rapid respirations. You should suspect which acid/base derangement?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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2
Q

The largest fluid compartment in the body is?

A

Intracellular

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3
Q

What causes the cells to become specialized?

A

Differentiation

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4
Q

What is the movement of water from one area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration?

A

Osmosis

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5
Q

What compound if formed by the combination of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions?

A

Carbonic Acid

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6
Q

What are the structures that perform specific functions within the cell?

A

Organelles

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7
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of a substance of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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8
Q

What anion plays a major role in fluid balance and renal function?

A

Chloride

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9
Q

What is the normal range of pH in the human body?

A

7.35 – 7.45

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10
Q

What movement mechanism moves a substance across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient and requires energy?

A

Active transport

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11
Q

What occurs when fluid is forced through a membrane from high-pressure on one side?

A

Filtration

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12
Q

What pressure is exerted by large protein particles?

A

Oncotic Force, or Colloid Osmotic Pressure

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13
Q

What are the two most commonly carried isotonic prehospital solutions?

A

Lactated Ringers, and Normal Saline

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14
Q

What is the term for abnormally high potassium levels?

A

Hyperkolemia

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15
Q

What is the most prevalent extracellular ion?

A

Sodium

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16
Q

.45 % NaCI solution is what tonicity in relation to normal body fluid?

A

Hypotonic

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17
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth.

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18
Q

What are the seven major functions of cells?

A

1) Movement
2) Conductivity
3) Metabolic Absorption
4) Secretion
5) Excretion
6) Respiration
7) Reproduction

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19
Q

What are four major cations found inside the body?

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

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20
Q

What are three systems the body uses to adjust pH?

A

The buffer system, the respiratory system, and the renal system.

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21
Q

What fluid phenomenon can be localized or systemic?

A

Edema

22
Q

Which direction will pH shift when sodium bicarbonate is administered?

A

Up

23
Q

What organelle converts nutrients into energy (ATP)?

A

Mitochondria

24
Q

Extracellular fluid can be divided into what two divisions?

A

Interstitial fluid, and intravascular fluid

25
Q

What ion plays a major role in muscle contraction as well as nervous impulse transmission?

A

Calcium

26
Q

What type of immunity is short-term is provided by T lymphocytes?

A

Cell mediated immunity

27
Q

What two types of body reflexes assists in adjusting and maintaining perfusion?

A

Baroreceptor and Chemoreceptor Reflexes

28
Q

What are the body’s three lines of defense against disease in order?

A

Anatomic barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of blood transfusion reactions?

A

Fever, chills, hives, flushing of the skin, hypotension, tachycardia, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, headache, loss of consciousness, and palpitations.

30
Q

What is the number of chromosomes contained in a simple sex cell?

A

23

31
Q

What is the Frank–Starling mechanism?

A

This mechanism states that the greater the stretch of cardiac muscle the greater the force of cardiac contraction

32
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

The percentage of blood occupied by red cells.

33
Q

Failure of the Krebs Cycle will result in what type of metabolism?

A

Anaerobic Metabolism

34
Q

What are the three stages of Gen. adaptation syndrome?

A

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

35
Q

These two blood components make up 1% of total blood volume?

A

White Blood cells and platelets

36
Q

What hormone that is released by a person under stress acts as an immunosuppressant, stimulates gluconeogenesis, and decreases T cell reproduction?

A

Cortisol

37
Q

What will happen to a red blood cell when dropped into a hypotonic solution?

A

Swell

38
Q

What are the three components that affect stroke volume?

A

Preload, cardiac contractile force, and afterload.

39
Q

What blood type is considered the universal donor?

A

O negative

40
Q

What hormone does the anterior pituitary glands secrete under stress that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

41
Q

What sympathetic receptors are postsynaptic, found on effector organs, and cause vasoconstriction when stimulated?

A

Alpha 1 Receptors?

42
Q

Shock begins at this level and progresses through the body in this order…

A

The cellular level then to the tissues, organs, organ systems, and the entire organism.

43
Q

What defense mechanism is specific in nature and develops slowly?

A

The Immune Response

44
Q

What two psychiatric illnesses are currently being studies and appear to have genetic links?

A

Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

45
Q

Cigarette smoke would be considered what type of risk factor for lung cancer?

A

Causal

46
Q

What two psychiatric illnesses are currently being studies and appear to have genetic links?

A

Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

47
Q

What five factors combine to cause disease?

A

Genetics, Environment, Lifestyle, Age, and Gender.

48
Q

What type of immunity is part of the patient’s genetic makeup?

A

Natural Immunity

49
Q

What three components are necessary for disease?

A

Host, Agent, and Environment

50
Q

What “germs” may replicate and cause malignancy?

A

Viruses

51
Q

What 2 types of catecholamines does the sympathetic nervous system release when stimulated?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

52
Q

What three mechanisms can trigger the inflammatory response?

A

Physical agents, chemical agents,and pathogenic microorganisms.

Paramedic Lecture: 1rst Semester (36 decks)

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