Chapter 21: Vocabulary Flashcards
Jackson’s Theory of Thermal Wounds
Explanation of the physical effects of thermal burns
Zone of Coagulation
Area in a burn nearest the heat source that suffers the most damage and is characterized by clotted blood and thromboses blood vessels
Zone of stasis
Area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is characterized by decreased blood flow
Zone of hyperemia
Are peripheral to a burn that is characterized by increased blood flow
Emergent Phase
First stage of the burn process that is characterized by a catecholamine release and pain-mediated reaction.
During this phase PT exhibits tachycardia, tachypnea, and mild hypertension and anxiety.
Fluid Shift Phase
Stage of the burn process in which there is a massive shift of fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space- occurs in those with thermal burns larger than 15-20% of body’s surface- last for 6-8 hours
PT exhibits massive edema.
Hypermetabolic Phase
Stage of the burn process in which there is increased body metabolism in an attempt by the body to heal the burn- may last ver several days or weeks.
PT exhibits large increase in body’s demand for nutrients
Resolution Phase
Final stage of the burn process in which scar tissue is laid down and the healing process is completed.
Intravascular space
The volume contained by all the arteries, veins, capillaries, and other components of the circulatory system
Extravascular Space
The volume contained by all the cells (intracellular space) and the spaces between the cells (interstitial space)
Voltage
The difference of electric potential between two points with different concentrations of electrons
Current
The rate of flow of an electric charge
Ampere
Basic unit for measuring the strength of an electric current
Resistance
Property of a conductor that opposes the passage of an electric current
Ohm
Basic unit for measuring the strength of electrical resistance
Ohm’s law
The physical law identifying that the current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.
V=IR or I=V/R
Joule’s Law
The physical law stating that the rate of heat production is directly proportional tot the resistance of the circuit and to the square of the current.
P=I(squared)Rt
Coagulation necrosis
The process in which an acid, whir destroying tissue, forms an insoluble layer that limits further damage
Liquefaction Necrosis
The process in which an alkali dissolves and liquefies tissue
Ionizing Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation or particulate radiation that ionizes materials that absorb the radiation. Ionizing radiation can penetrate the body cells, depositing an electrical charge that, when sufficiently intense, kills the cells.
Half-life
Time required for half the nuclei of a radioactive substance to lose activity by radioactive decay. In biology and pharmacology, the time required by the body to metabolize and inactivate half of a substance taken in.
Ionization
The changing of a substance into separate charged particles (ions)
Radioactive substance
A substance that emits ionizing radiation, also called radionuclide or radioisotope.
Radiation absorbed dose (RAD)
Basic unit of absorbed radiation dose
Gray (Gy)
A unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads
Roentgen equivalent in man (REM)
A gauge of the likely injury to the irradiated part of an organism
Supraglottic
Referred to the upper airway
Subglottic
Referring to the lower airway
Superficial Burn
A burn that involves only the epidermis; characterized by reddening of the skin; also called a first-degree burn Characterized by : Pain Minor Edema Erythema
Partial-thickness burn
Burn in which the epidermis is burned through hand the dermis is damaged; characterized by redness and blistering; also called a second degree burn
Characterized by:
Pain, Edema, erythema, blisters
Full-thickness burn
Burn that damages all layers of the skin; characterized by areas that are white and dry; ask called third-degree burn
Characterized by:
Painless, tissue is destroyed
White, brown, or charred leather like appearance.
Body Surface area (BSA)
Amount of a patient’s body affected by a burn
Rule of Nines
Method of estimating amount of body surface are a burned by a division of the body into regions, each of which represents approximately 9 precent of total BSA (plus 1 percent for the genital region)
Rule of Palms
Method of estimating amount of body surface are burned that sizes the are burned in comparison to the patient’s palmar surface. Palm without fingers represents about 1% of BSA.
Eschar
Hard, leathery precut of a del full-thickness burn; it consists of dead and denatured skin.
Parkland Formula
Formula that shows approximate fluid loss of PT over 24 hours in relation to weight and BSA burned.
4mL x PT weight in kg x BSA burned = Amount of fluid loss over 24 hours
Blepharospasm
Twitching of the eyelids
