Chapter 19: Vocabulary Flashcards
Hemorrhage
An abnormal internal or external discharge of blood
Shock
A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
Clotting
The body’s three-step response to stop the loss of blood
Vascular phase
The step in the clotting process in which smooth blood vessel muscle contracts, reducing the vessel lumen and the flow of blood through it.
Platelet phase
Second step in the clotting process in which platelets adhere to blood vessel walls and to each other.
Aggregate
To cluster or come together
Fibrin
Protein fibers that trap red blood cells as part of the clotting process
Lactic acid
Compound produced from pyretic acid during anaerobic glycolyis
Anaerobic
Able to live without oxygen
Fascia
A fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles and may also unite the skin with underlying tissue
Hematoma
Collection of blood beneath the skin or trapped within a body compartment
Esophageal varices
Enlarged and tortuous esophageal veins
Melena
Black, tar like feces due to gastrointestinal bleeding
Anemia
A reduction in the hemoglobin content in the blood to a point below that required to meet the oxygen requirements of the body.
Pulse pressure
Difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Catecholamine
A hormone, such as epinephrine or norepinephrine, that strongly affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems, metabolic rate, temperature, and smooth muscle
Hematochezia
Passage of stools containing red blood
Orthostatic Hypotension
A decrease in blood press that occurs when a person moves from a supine or sitting to an upright position
Tilt test
Drop in the systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg or an increase in the pulse rate of 20 beats per minuted when a patient is moved from a supine to a sitting position; a finding suggestive of a relative hypovolemia
Metabolism
The total changes that take place in an organism during physiological process
Ischemia
A blockage in the delivery or oxygenated blood to the cells
Hydrostate pressure
There pressure of the liquids in equilibrium: the press exerted by or within liquids
Rouleaux
Group of red blood cells that are stuck together
Washout
Release of accumulated lactic acid, carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) potassium, and rouleaux into the venous circulation
Compensated shock
Hemodynamic insult to the body in which the body responds effectively. Signs and symptoms are limited, and the human system functions normally.
Overdrive Respiration
Positive-pressure ventilation supplied to a breathing patient
Pneumatic anti-shock garment
Garment designed to produce uniform press on the lower extremities and abdomen; used with shock and hemorrhage patients in some EMS systems
