Chapter 5: Vocabulary Flashcards
Moro reflex
Occurs when a newborn is startled, arms are thrown wide, fingers are spread, and a grabbing motion follows.
Palmar Grasp
A reflex in the newborn, which is elicited by placing a finger firmly in the infants palm
Rooting reflex
Occurs when an infant’s cheek is touched by a hand or cloth, and the hungry infant turns his head to the right or left
Sucking reflex
Occurs when an infant’s lips are stroked
Bonding
The formation of a close personal relationship, especial though frequent or constant association.
Secure Attachment
A type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his caregivers will be responsive and helpful when needed.
Anxious resistant attachment
A type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns to be uncertain about whether or not his caregivers will be responsive or helpful when needed.
Anxious avoid ant attachment
A type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his caregivers will not be responsive or helpful when needed.
Trust vs. mistrust
Refers to a star of psychosocial development that lasts from birth to about 1 1/2 years of age.
Scaffolding
A teaching/learning technique in which one builds on what has already been learned.
Easy Child
An infant, who can be characterized by regularity of bodily functions, low or moderate intensity of reactions, and acceptance of new situations.
Difficult child
An infant, who can be characterized by irregularity of bodily functions, intense reactions, and withdrawal from new situations.
Slow-to-warm-up child
An infant who can be characterized by a low intensity of reactions and a somewhat negative mood.
Authoritarian
A parenting style that demands absolute obedience without regard to a child’s individual freedom.
Authoritative
A parenting style that emphasizes a balance between a respect for authority and individual freedom.
Permissive
A parenting style that takes a tolerant, accepting view of a child’s behavior.
Modeling
A procedure whereby a subject observes a model perform some behavior and then attempts to imitate that behavior: Many believe it is the fundamental learning process involved in socialization.
Preconventional Reasoning
Stage of moral development during which children respond mainly to cultural control to avoid punishment and attain satisfaction.
Conventional Reasoning
Stage of moral development during which children desire approval from individuals and society.
Postconventional Reasoning
Stage of development during which individuals make moral decisions according to an enlightened conscience.
Maximum life span
The theoretical, species-specific, longest duration of life excluding premature or unnatural death.
Life expectancy
Based on the year of birth, the average number of additional years of life expected for a member of a population.
Terminal-drop Hypothesis
A theory that death is preceded by a 5-year period of decreasing cognitive functioning.
