Chapter 5: Vocabulary

Question 1

Moro reflex

Answer 1

Occurs when a newborn is startled, arms are thrown wide, fingers are spread, and a grabbing motion follows.

Question 2

Palmar Grasp

Answer 2

A reflex in the newborn, which is elicited by placing a finger firmly in the infants palm

Question 3

Rooting reflex

Answer 3

Occurs when an infant’s cheek is touched by a hand or cloth, and the hungry infant turns his head to the right or left

Question 4

Sucking reflex

Answer 4

Occurs when an infant’s lips are stroked

Question 5

Bonding

Answer 5

The formation of a close personal relationship, especial though frequent or constant association.

Question 6

Secure Attachment

Answer 6

A type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his caregivers will be responsive and helpful when needed.

Question 7

Anxious resistant attachment

Answer 7

A type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns to be uncertain about whether or not his caregivers will be responsive or helpful when needed.

Question 8

Anxious avoid ant attachment

Answer 8

A type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his caregivers will not be responsive or helpful when needed.

Question 9

Trust vs. mistrust

Answer 9

Refers to a star of psychosocial development that lasts from birth to about 1 1/2 years of age.

Question 10

Scaffolding

Answer 10

A teaching/learning technique in which one builds on what has already been learned.

Question 11

Easy Child

Answer 11

An infant, who can be characterized by regularity of bodily functions, low or moderate intensity of reactions, and acceptance of new situations.

Question 12

Difficult child

Answer 12

An infant, who can be characterized by irregularity of bodily functions, intense reactions, and withdrawal from new situations.

Question 13

Slow-to-warm-up child

Answer 13

An infant who can be characterized by a low intensity of reactions and a somewhat negative mood.

Question 14

Authoritarian

Answer 14

A parenting style that demands absolute obedience without regard to a child’s individual freedom.

Question 15

Authoritative

Answer 15

A parenting style that emphasizes a balance between a respect for authority and individual freedom.

Question 16

Permissive

Answer 16

A parenting style that takes a tolerant, accepting view of a child’s behavior.

Question 17

Modeling

Answer 17

A procedure whereby a subject observes a model perform some behavior and then attempts to imitate that behavior: Many believe it is the fundamental learning process involved in socialization.

Question 18

Preconventional Reasoning

Answer 18

Stage of moral development during which children respond mainly to cultural control to avoid punishment and attain satisfaction.

Question 19

Conventional Reasoning

Answer 19

Stage of moral development during which children desire approval from individuals and society.

Question 20

Postconventional Reasoning

Answer 20

Stage of development during which individuals make moral decisions according to an enlightened conscience.

Question 21

Maximum life span

Answer 21

The theoretical, species-specific, longest duration of life excluding premature or unnatural death.

Question 22

Life expectancy

Answer 22

Based on the year of birth, the average number of additional years of life expected for a member of a population.

Question 23

Terminal-drop Hypothesis

Answer 23

A theory that death is preceded by a 5-year period of decreasing cognitive functioning.