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Paramedic Lecture: 1rst Semester > Chapter 6: Drug Classifications > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Drug Classifications Flashcards

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1
Q

Prototype

A

Drug that best demonstrates the class’s common properties and illustrates its particular characteristics.

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2
Q

Analgesic

A

Medication that relieves the sensation of pain

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3
Q

Analgesia

A

The absence of the sensation of pain

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4
Q

Anesthesia

A

The absence of all sensation

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5
Q

Adjunct medication

A

Agent that enhances the effects of other drugs.

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6
Q

Opioid Agonist

A

Prototype- Morphine
Effectively treats pain
Decreases the sensory neurons’ ability to propagate pain impulses the the spinal cord and brain.

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7
Q

Non-opioid Analgesics

A

Affect the production of prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase, important neurotransmitters involved in the pain response.

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8
Q

Opioid Antagonists

A

Prototype- Naloxone (Narcan)

Competitively binds with opioid receptors.

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9
Q

Adjunct Medications

A

Given to enhance the effects of other drugs.

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10
Q

Opioid Agonist-Antagonists

A

Prototype- Pentazocine (Talwin)

Decreases pain response and has fewer respiratory depressants and addictive side effects that morphine.

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11
Q

Anesthetic

A

Medication that induces a loss of sensation to touch or pain.

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12
Q

Neuroleptanesthesia

A

Anesthesia that combines decreased sensation of pain with amnesia while the patient remains conscious.

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13
Q

Sedation

A

State of decreased anxiety and inhibitions.

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14
Q

Hypnosis

A

Instigation of sleep.

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15
Q

Central nervous system stimulant

Methylxanthines

A

Prototype- Caffeine

Seems to block adenosine receptors.

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16
Q

Psychotherapeutic Medication

A

Treats mental disfunction

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17
Q

Neuroleptic

A

Antipsychotic medications

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18
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Common side effect of antipsychotic medications, including muscle tremors, and parkinsonism-like effects

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19
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)

A

Prototype- Imipramine (Tofranil)
Treats Depression
Blockin the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, the extending the duration of their actions.

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20
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Prototype-Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Antidepressant
Comparable with TCA but don’t effect dopamine or norepinephrine and don’t block histaminic or cholinergic receptors, and thus avoid negative side effects of TCAs.

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21
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Prototype-Phenelzine (Nardil)

Treat depression refractory to TCA’s and SSRIs.

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22
Q

Parkinsons Disease

Anticholinergic

A

Prototype- Benztropine (Cogentin)

Block Acetylcholine receptors

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23
Q

Cholinergics

A 
Prototype- Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Simulate the effects of ACh by directly binding with the cholinergic receptors.
SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric Motility
Emesis
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24
Q

Anticholinergics

A 
Prototype- Atropine
Block muscarinic receptors
Atropine Overdose Effects-
Hot as hell
Blind as a bat
Dry as a bone
Red a a beet
Mad as a hatter
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25
Q

Ganglionic Blocking Agents

A

Competitive antagonism with acetylcholine at the nicotinic n receptors in the atomic ganglia.

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26
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

A

Prototype- Tubocurarine
Succinylcholine most commonly used
Paralytic
Produces a neuromuscular blockade by binding with the nicotinic m receptors.

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27
Q

Alpha 1

A

Arteriole Constriction
Vein Constriction
Mydriasis (dilation) of eye
Ejaculation

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28
Q

Alpha 2

A

Presynaptic terminals inhibition

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29
Q

Beta 1

A 
Increased heart rate
Increased heart conductivity
Increased automaticity of heart
Increased contractility of heart
Renin release in kidney
30
Q

Beta 2

A

Bronchodilation- Lungs
Dilation- arterioles
Inhibition of contractions- uterus
Tremors- skeletal muscle

31
Q

Beta 3

A

Lipolysis of adipose tissue- fat stores

Thermogenesis- skeletal muscle

32
Q

Dopanminergic

A

Vasodilation (increased blood flow)- kidney

33
Q

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity

Norepinephrine

A

Alpha 1,

34
Q

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity

Epinephrine

A

Alpha 1, 2, Beta 1,2

35
Q

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity

Dobutamine

A

Beta 1

36
Q

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity

Dopamine

A

Beta 1, Dopaminergic

37
Q

Noncompetitrive long-acting alpha antagonist

A

Prototype- Phenoxybenzamin (Dibenzyline)

38
Q

Competitve short-acting antagonist

A

Prototype- Prazosin (Minipress)

39
Q

Alph-adrenergic antagonis

A

Prototype- Prazosin

40
Q

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

A

Prototype- Dantrolene (Dantrium)

Decreases the release of calcium

41
Q

Sodium Channel Blockers

A

Prototype- Quinidine

Treate Atrial fibrillation and has anticholinergic properties.

42
Q

Beta blockers Class II

A

Prototype- Propranolol

Blocks the effect of B2 receptors

43
Q

Potassium Channel Blockers (Class III)

A

Protoype- Bretylium

By block efflux of potassium, bretylium prolongs depolarization and the effective refractory period.

44
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker (Clas IV)

A

Prototype- Verapamil

45
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Prototype- Hydrochlorothizaide
Profoundly affect circulating blood volume-decrease blood volume- primary tool in treating left ventricular heart failure.

46
Q

Beta Adrenergic Antagonist

A

Prototype- Metropolol (Lopressor)

47
Q

Centrally Acting Adrenergic Inhibitors

A

Prototype- Clonidine (Catapres)

Decrease heart rate and contractility

48
Q

Peripheral Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents

A

Prototype- Reserpine (Serpalan)
Decreases synthesis of norepinephrine
Exposes destroys norepinephrine

49
Q

Alpha 1 Antagonist

A

Prototype- Prazosin (Minipress)

Decreases blood pressure by competitively blocking the alpha 1 receptors

50
Q

Angiotensin-Convertin Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A

Prototype- Captopril (Capoten)
Causes both systemic and local vasoconstriction
Managing renal and heart failure

51
Q

Calcium Channel Blocking Agents

A

Prototype Dihydropyridine- nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)

Drops blood pressure

52
Q

Direct Vasodilators

A

Prototype- Hydralazine (Apresoline)

Decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and after load and thus lowering blood pressure

53
Q

Cardiac Glycosides

A

Prototype-Digonxin
For Heart failure and some types of dysrhythmias
Increasing myocardial contractility and cardiac output.

54
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Prototype-Asprin

Decrease the formation of platelet plugs.

55
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prototype-Heparin

Enhance antithrombin III’s ability to inhibit the clotting cascade

56
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Prototype- Streptokinase (Streptokinase)

Acts directly on thrombi to break them down; also call thrombolytic.

57
Q

Antihyperlipidemic

A

Prototype- Lovastatin

Used to treat high blood cholesterol

58
Q

Beta 2 Specific Agents

A

Prototype- Albuterol

Relax bronchial smooth muscle which results in bronchodilation and relief from bronchospasm.

59
Q

Methylzanthines

A

Prototype- Theophyllin

Bronchodilation

60
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Constriction of bronchial smooth muscle

61
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Prototype- Beclomethasone

Lower release of inflammatory substances

62
Q

Leukotriene Antagonists

A

Prototype- Zileuton

Treats asthma

63
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Prototype- Cimetidine

Inhibits gastric acid secretion and helps return balance between protective and aggressive factors.

64
Q

Stimulant Laxatives

A

Prototype- Phenolphthalein

Increases water secretion and decrease its absorption.

65
Q

Osmotic laxatives

A

Prototype- Magnesium hydroxide

Increase the feces’ osmotic pull

66
Q

Serotonin Antagonists

A

Prototype- Ondansetron (Zofran)

treatment of nausea

67
Q

Dopamine Antagonist

A

Block dopamine receptors.

68
Q

Drugs affecting the parathyroid and thyroid glands

A

Prototype- Levothyroxin (Synthroid)

Thyroid Hormone replacemnt

69
Q

Antifungal and Antiviral Agents

A

Prototype- Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

70
Q

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

A

used as analgesics and antipyretics (fever reducers)

Paramedic Lecture: 1rst Semester (36 decks)

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