test 1 Flashcards
Give an example of a hypothesis in the correct format.
If I wear Nike running shows, then I will have a better mile time.
Explain the relationship between IV and DV within a hypothesis.
The IV is the cause and the DV is the effect.
Differentiate between an observation and an inference.
Observation- description of something, not an opinon.
Inference- a guess based on your observations, can make multiple inferences from a single observation.
Explain the difference between accuracy and precision and the significance of having data that is both.
Accuracy- how close your measurment is to the correct value. (correctness)
Precision- how close your measurements are to each other. (closeness)
If you have both, then you have consistent, specific, and always correct data whcih helps you to verify your results.
List the general steps in designing and conducting an experiment.
- Make an observation
- Ask a question
- Research
- Form a hypothesis
- Come up with procedures
- Experiment
- Analyze the data
- Draw conclusions and communicate them
Give an example of a scientific investigation design, with appropriate constants and variables. (DV and IV)
Josh wants to know if a brand of shoe (IV) makes you run faster (DV). He gathers a group of 5 runners, all of them with similar mile times (constant). Every day, they go out at 6:00 am (constant) and run a mile. The first day they run in their preffered shoe, Nikes (control group). The second day they run in Adidas, the third day they run in New Balance, and the fourth day they run in Hokas (expieremntal group).
Explain the general steps of the technological design process and the criteria that must be considered when designing a solution.
- Identify a problem. 2. Design a solution, 3. Build and test 4. Evaluate.
Perfect design = not possible, but benefits > than risk.
Constraints such as time and cost effectivness are also important.
Give an example of a qualitative observation.
The dog is brown.
Give an example of a quantitative observation.
There are six dogs.
List one inference from the following statements: The dog has a collar and a pink bow in its hair.
The dog is a girl.
What should you wear to protect your clothes in the lab?
Apron
What should you wear to protect your eyes in the lab?
Goggles
If something breaks what is the FIRST thing you should do?
Tell Mrs. Vanhoose
What should you do with long hair in the lab?
Tie it up
How should your lab station always look?
Clean
T or F: Saftey goggles must be worn at all times while working in the lab, even when cleaning up after an experiment.
True
T or F: The fire blanket should be used to smother chemicals that have caught fire.
False, used if SOMEONE is on fire
T or F: Hot plates should be turned off when not in use unless they are going to be used again in the next class period.
False
T or F: It is occasionally permissible to taste substances in the lab to determine their identity.
False
T or F: The teacher should be modified to all chemical spills unless they are very minor.
False
What is the best glassware for performing small chemical reactions?
Test tube
What is the best glassware for precisely measuring liquids?
Graduated cylinder
What is a petri dish used for?
Culturing bacteria
IN a graduated cylinder, what is the bottom of the curve in the liquid called?
Meniscus
Identify IV and DV: If a student attends afterschool tutoring, then they will score higher on their test than students who do not attend tutoring.
IV: Attending tutoring
DV: Test score
Write a hypothesis from this IV and DV:
IV: different amounts of fertilizer
DV: plant growth
If you give a plant more fertilizer, then it will grow more.
Identify an IV, DV, control group, experimental group, and two constants for the experiment: Seeing if drinking coffee makes students score higher on tests.
IV: Drinking coffee
DV: Test score
Control group: Students who don’t drink coffee
Experimental group: Students who do drink coffee
Constants: How much coffee they drink, which test they take.
List 3 things necessary for a graph.
- IV
- DV
- Data
Which variable (IV or DV) represents which axis (y or x)?
IV: x-axis
DV: y-axis
List the six elements necessary for life and give examples of three molecules that contain those elements.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Sulfur.
1. Water (H2O)
2. Oxygen (O2)
3. Glucose (C6H12O6)
List the levels of organization that make up an organism, starting with an atom and ending with an organism.
- Atoms
- Molecule
- Cell organelles
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
Differentiate between polar and nonpolar molecules.
Polar: unequal distribution of charges, one side is more positive, one is more negative- it dissolves in water easily
Nonpolar: no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed, does not dissolve in water.
Explain the 5 properties of water that make it such a unique molecule.
- Cohesion- water sticking to water, causes high surface tension.
- Adhesion- things sticking to water, forms a stronger bond than cohesion.
- High specific heat- helps cells regulate temp, temp of water does not change easily.
- Less dense as a solid- life can exist below surfaces of lakes or polar seas, ice floats in water.
- Water is a terrific solvent- being polar makes it want to interact with so many things and in interacting w them it dissolves them, dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
What is the identity of an element determined by?
Protons
What is the charge of an element determined by?
Electrons
What is the mass of an element determined by?
Protons and neutrons
What are the particles on the outermost energy level of the energy cloud?
Valence electrons
What 2 things is something that dissolves in water easily?
Hydrophilic and polar
What is the bond within a water molecule that holds it together?
Covalent bond
What is the bond that holds different water molecules together?
Hydrogen bond
Label the parts of a water molecule and bonds.
Oxygen: slightly negative
Hydrogen: slightly positive
Bond within: covalent bond
Bond to different water molecules: hydrogen bond
Monomer, Polymer, Function, Example, and Relative energy storage of Carbs
Monomer: Monosaccharides
Polymer: Polysaccharides
Function: short term energy storage
Example: sugars and starches- strawberry
Energy storage: 4 cal/gram
Monomer, Polymer, Function, Example, and Relative energy storage of Lipids
Monomer: Fatty acids
Polymer: Triglycerides
Function: long term energy storage
Example: fats and oils, peanut butter
Energy storage: 8 cal/gram
Monomer, Polymer, Function, Example, Relative energy storage of Proteins
Monomer: Amino acids
Polymer: Polypeptide
Function: make enzymes, hormones, bones and muscles, antibodies, transport, movement, signaling, energy source
Example: meats, dairy, nuts, chicken
Energy storage: 4 cal/gram
Monomer, Polymer, Function, Example, Relative energy storage of Nucleic Acids
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic Acid
Function: informational molecules that store, transmit, and express genetic information, contain instructions for making proteins
Example: DNA and RNA
Energy storage: 0 cal/gram
Order body consumes carbs, lipids, proteins, and explain.
- Carbs- your body can break it down easily
- Lipids- a little harder to break down
- Proteins- do so much else fo the body so last resort
What is the structure of the macromolecule that makes up the most of the cell membrane and explain why it gives it a unique property.
Hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail.
Bilayer allows membranes to by selectively permeable.
Explain what makes proteins the most diverse macromolecule.
Proteins have the most diverse structures and therefore the most diverse functions. Form dictates function. They do so much for your body.
What is a monosaccharide?
A single sugar
What are lipids used for?
Structure, insulation, protection
What macromolecule is used for contracting muscles?
Proteins
What are the three parts of the monomer of a nucleic acid?
- Phosphate group
- 5-Carbon sugar
- Nitrogen-containing base
