Term Test 3: In Ovo Technology Flashcards
In ovo vaccination is when vaccine is administered to _ of egg
inside
First successful in ovo vaccination took place in
1980
First publication of in ovo vaccination
1982
Patent registration in U.S
1984
Patent rights granted to Embrex Inc. in
1985
First commercial equipment avalible in
1992
Critical Aspects of MACHINE involved In Ovo vaccination
Needle Sanitation
Vaccine type concentration
Aseptic handling
Critical Aspects of Egg involved In Ovo vaccination
Egg location
Shell penetration
Critical Aspects of Embryo involved In Ovo vaccination
Site of injection
Embryo Stage
5 Guiding Principles of Success
Egg location
Shell penetration
Sanitation
Site of Injection - Don’t want to penetrate embryonic sac
Vaccine Specifications
What is used to position egg correctly in vaccination machine and ensures proper alignment with punch and needle during vaccination
Locator Cup
What is designed for egg penetration, used to create a small hole in eggshell so vaccine can be injected
Punch
What is located inside the punch, used to inject vaccine into egg
Needle
Needle being inside punch permits?
targeted, efficient sanitation of contact points of injection mechanism
How are pathogens reduced between injections and prevents egg-to-egg bacterial
carryover
Sanitation between injections
Common Sources of Bacterial Contamination of In Ovo Vaccine: Vaccine Thaw Bath
Distilled Water > Tap Water
Hands - Opening wet ampules
General Hygiene of thaw bath
Chlorine in thaw bath (can’t be too high or too low)
Vaccine Prep Area
Use only for vaccine preparation
Keep room clean, sanitize weekly
Clean air supply, positive pressure
Recent In Ovo Machine Improvements
1. Injection Process
Improved locating on egg
Punch speed at 20 in/sec.
Reduced punch and needle stress
Egg support added to all flat types
Recent In Ovo Machine Improvements
2. Egg Handling
Rubber suction cups
Haylo
Wired egg handling system made up of flexible wire and the material Nitinol (commonly used in medical applications) is called?
Haylo
Hatching Basket Sanitation
Clean, Disinfect, Dry
Site of Injection - d embryo, vaccination window is between _ days and _ hours of incubation to _ days and _ hours of incubation, embryo should be in position to hatch ( under _ wing), the stalk of the yolk sac should be entering the _, maximum -% _ eggs
18, 17, 12, 19, 4, head, right, abdomen, 1, 2, pipping
Egg Compartments
Air Cell, Allantois, Amnion, Yolk, Embro
Acceptable Method of In Ovo Vaccination Sites
Needle in Amnion, Amniotic Fluid, IM
Day 18 - Majority Injection Site
Amnion
Day 19 - Majority Injection Site
Embryo
Unacceptable Method of In Ovo Vaccination Sites - Injections occurring too shallow result in the incorrect site of injection
Air Cell Membrane, Allantoic Fluid
Site of Injection for Merek’s Disease (MD)
More protective when not in air cell or allantoic fluid
In Ovo Vaccine Specifications
Vaccine Type
Vaccine Concentration
Vaccine Compatibility
Embryonic Age at injection
Site of injection, sanitation
Onset and duration of immunity
Disease Challenge
Maternal Anti odies
Maternal Anti-bodies
- Immunological tolerance can be induced - days
- Experimental in ovo vaccination window - days
- Commercial in ovo vaccination window - days
8-14, 16-19, 17-19
In Ovo Stimulation: Refers to delivery of _ or _ in the early-stage embryo (Day 12 incubation), aims to stimulate the colonization of the embryo gut with beneficial _ and also development of the GI tract, site of injection _ _, volume ._mL
prebiotics, synbiotics, bacteria, air sac, 0.2
In Ovo Feeding: In ovo feeding is the administration of _ into _ to enhance egg nutrition and early growth performance, preferred site of injection: _, preferred age - days. Ovo feeding has an _ effect by inducing expression of genes involved in major metabolic pathways which will affect performance later in life. Probiotics _ _ and _ _ showed early colonization of the gut.
Nutrients, Amnion, 17, 18, Epigenetic Enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilus
In Ovo Feeding: Carbohydrates
Glucose (15%, 50%)
Water
Carbohydrates
Dextrin + B-hydroxy B-methylbutirate
As glucose concentration increases, hatchability _, and BW at hatch _
decreases, increases
Glucose and Water both cause decrease in hatchability. Rank in order of which has the most impact on hatchability.
Glucose 50% > Glucose 15% > Water + Glucose 50% > Water
Carbohydrates increased _ surface area
villus
In ovo feeding: AA and protein
AA - decrease hatchability
Threonine - higher BW on broilers at 21-28d
Glutamine 1% - No improvement of duodenal mucosa
In ovo feeding: L-carnitine
0.05 to 10 microM - no benefits
8mg - no benefits
In ovo feeding: Other substances
Linoleum Acid, Glucose, Glutamine - negative effect on hatachability and broiler performance
Maltose 50%, Multivitamin, Zinc, Glycine, Glutamine - No benefits, no negative effects
Prebiotic Organic Acids - Decrease BW and feed intake until 10d of age
Challenges with In Ovo feeding
Volume, Embryonic Age, Type & Concentration, Area of injection, bacteria load built up over time and embryo safety
