#3 Carbohydrates Flashcards
Ideal for Poultry Farmer
Maximize net income in sustainable manner
Nutrient is used for _ of _ _ and _ and _
maintenance, body tissues, processes, production
Poultry Require source of _, _, _, _, _, _
energy, nitrogen, fat, mineral, vitamin, water
Approximate cost of nutrients in diet _% Energy, _% Protein, _% Phosphorus, _% Rest
60, 25, 8, 7
Is energy a nutrient?
No
Components that supply energy into poultry feed
Carbohydrates > Fats > AA
In addition to maintenance of normal body processes, and production related activities what is energy used for?
Maintain body temp during cold or heat stress, retention in body products
Carbohydrates are composed of _ and _
Water, Carbon
Carbohydrates provide _kCal/gram
4
Is there any one essential carbohydrate that is essential?
No
The main carbohydrate in poultry diets
Starch
Feed ingredients high in starch ,,_,
Barley, Wheat, Corn
2 Types of Starch
Amylose, Amylopectin
Amylose is relatively _, and is _ to breakdown than , uses __- bonds
linear, harder, amylopectin, a1-4
Amylopectin is _, and is _ to breakdown than _, uses - and - bonds
branched, easier, amylose, a1-6
Amylose and Amylopectin both use _ bonds
glycosidic
Amylose is relatively _ and forms a tight _, bonds are harder to break with _
insoluble, helix, amylase
Amylopectin is highly _, and has both types of _ bonds which makes it easier to be broken down by amylase
branched, glycosidic
High Amylose Cereals, _ in starch, _ digesting, _ source of energy
lower, slower, sustained
High Amylopectin Cereals, _ in starch, _ digesting, _ of energy
higher, faster, burst
Examples of High Amylose grains
Oats, Barley
Examples of High Amylopectin Grains
Corn, Wheat
Intermediate Cereals, intermediate levels of amylopectin and amylose, more balanced _ source
Energy
Examples of intermediate cereals
Rice, Sorghum
High Amylopectin Cereals cause _ _, they lead to high blood _, suitable for quick energy requirements in _
Glycemic Response, Sugar, Broilers
High Amylose cereals more suitable to animals requiring day long _ energy like _
sustained, cows
_ is more resistant to enzymatic breakdown by _ because of _
Amylose, Helix
Factors affecting Starch Digestibility
- Physical Entrapment
- Crystallized
- Retrograded
Starch can be physically entrapped by _ _
Cell Walls
High _ _ starch can crystallize and become _ digestibile
amylose corn, less
Gelatinization consists of breaking down crystallized structure by _ and adding _ to make starch more accessible to amylase
heating, moisture
Retrogradtion refers to the _ after _, _ structure realigns
cooling, gelatinization, crystallized
Cellulose uses _-glycosidic linkages that are _ to be _- _ by -
b, unable, broken-down, alpha-amylase
Amylose is broken into _ or _ by pancreatic _, than into _ by _ from the intestinal mucosa
Maltose, Maltriose, Amylase, Glucose, Maltase
Amylopectin is broken down into _ or _, than into _ by _ and _
isomaltose, dextrin, glucose, isomaltase, sucrase
Enterocytes are the absorptive cells in the intestinal lining, water mixed with mucin forms the _ _ _ (_), the UWL allows products of amylase digestion to diffuse into enterocyte
UWL
Glucose is absorbed by _
Transporters
Soluble fibre (ex. _) has anti-nutritional effect, _-like matrix forms when soluble fibre is mixed with water, gut _ increase and slows down _
flax, gel, viscosity, absorption
Indigestible Carbohydrates aka (Non-starch polysaccharides or _)
Fiber
Negative Effects of Fibre
Encapsulate starch making it in accessible to amylase
Binds digestive enzymes
Increase excretion of protein, fat
Increase gut mass
Reduces feed efficiency
Somewhat positive effect of Fibre
Some fermentation for energy purposes in ceca
