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Poultry Nutrition > #2 Avian Digestive Tract & Anatomy > Flashcards

#2 Avian Digestive Tract & Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Utilization of dietary nutrients requires

A

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption

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2
Q

Digestive _ sets limits to animal performance and feed ingredient usage

A

Capacity

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3
Q

Digestive tract serves as a barrier against _ and _ _

A

Disease, Unwanted Compounds

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4
Q

Poultry has what type of digestive system

A

Monogastric

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5
Q

Similarities between pigs and chickens

A

Accessory Glands, Acidity

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6
Q

Forestomach is _ acidic than _

A

Less, Stomach

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7
Q

pH in stomach is between _ and _

A

1, 2

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8
Q

Differences between Pigs and Poultry

A
  • Pigs longer digestive tract
  • Pigs Longer retention time
  • Pigs Slower rate of passage
  • Pigs better developed hindgut
  • Pigs stronger sense of taste
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9
Q

How many taste buds in Pig vs. Chicken

A

15k, 240

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10
Q

Optic lobes in the brain are _ and _

A

Large, Prominent

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11
Q

_ constitute greater volume of bird head than in mammals

A

Eyes

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12
Q

Chickens are _-oriented animals

A

Visual

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13
Q

Vision-_ and _ are important elements in bird behaviour and temperament/physiology

A

Light, Colour

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14
Q

Visual Properties > _ & _ during selection of food

A

Smell, Taste

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15
Q

No _ in chickens, less developed sense of smell

A

Sniffing

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16
Q

Food birds have no concern for odours in their environment except for NZ bird, _

A

Kiwi

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17
Q

Kiwi has poor sense of _ that strong sense of _ makes up for

A

Vision, Smell

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18
Q

Beak instead of

A

Lips

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19
Q

Feeding consists of

A

Grasp, Pick-Up, Carry to Mouth, Mix with saliva, Manipulate, Swallowing

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20
Q

Another word for swallowing

A

Deglutition

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21
Q

Bolus or Water is forced downwards by _ and _ _

A

Gravity, Negative Pressure

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22
Q

Another word for drink

A

Imbibe

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23
Q

Most of Chickens Taste Buds located in _ of palate, base of the _ _

A

Epithelium, Oral Cavity

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24
Q

Very few taste buds on _

A

Tongue

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25
Q

_ have less taste buds than chickens

A

Ducks

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26
Q

Taste: Some preference during starvation for _ solutions over _

A

Sweet, Water

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27
Q

If there is isocaloric protein and fat offered during starvation it will be chosen over _

A

Sugar

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28
Q

Sodium and chloride have specific requirements created by _

A

Deficiency

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29
Q

Will die of _ rather than consume 2% _ solution

A

thirst, salt

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30
Q

Sour Taste: Tolerant to acidity and alkalinity

A

No preference

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31
Q

Crop is a thing walled _ of the esophagus

A

Diverticum

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32
Q

Waterfowl do not have a

A

Crop

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33
Q

Because waterfowl don’t have a crop it premits -

A

Force-feeding

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34
Q

Crop is distensible and _ ingested feed

A

Stores

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35
Q

Crop allows birds to consume large amount of feed in _ time

A

Short

36
Q

Storage in crop depends on 4 Factors

A

Amount of Feed, Consistency, Hardness, Water Consumption

37
Q

Grain stored for _ time than Mash

A

More

38
Q

Crop helps to soften digesta and stimulate feed additives like _

A

Enzymes

39
Q

The Crop is the _ defence line against poultry pathogens and zoonotic organisms

A

First

40
Q

_ is the dominant microorganism in the crop

A

Lactobacilli

41
Q

Checking Crop Fill:- Chicks in - Locations within barn

A

30, 40, 3, 4

41
Q

Lactobacilli limit _ in the crop

A

Fermentation

42
Q

Crop also functions as a tool for successful brooding by checking _ _

A

Crop Fill

43
Q

Crop Fill: Full, Soft, Round =

A

Chicks found feed & water

44
Q

Crop Fill: Full, Hard, Texturized

A

Chicks found feed

45
Q

Proventiculus is secretory, and has _ _

A

Gastric Pits

46
Q

4 Major Types of Secretory Cells

A

Mucous, Chief, Parietal, G Cells

47
Q

Mucous Cells secrete

A

Alkaline Mucus

48
Q

Chief Cells secrete

A

Pepsin

49
Q

Parietal Cells secrete

A

HCL

50
Q

G Cells secrete

A

Gastrin

51
Q

Poultry produce more _ and _ per kg body weight than any other male or animals

A

HCL, Pepsin

52
Q

_ pH is lower than _

A

Gizzard, Proventriculus

53
Q

Proventriculus Secretion Influenced by:

A

Food in tract, degree of hydration, nervous control, drugs and hormones, diseases

54
Q

PTS aka _

A

Proventriculitis

55
Q

PTS is associated with:

A

Reduced digestion of Protein
Slow digesta passage
Increases risk of organ rupture during processing
- Carcass contamination
- Increased Labour cost of washing
- Condemnation

56
Q

Possible Causes of PTS

A

Multifactorial: Viral, Bacterial, Fungal Interactions

57
Q

Viruses known to cause PTS

A

IBD, Avibirnavirus, Marek’s, Alphaherpesvirus, viral proventricular virus, Reovirus

58
Q

_ Acid (_) produced by Aspergillus Flavus fungus in Feeds can lead to PTS

A

Ciciopiazonic, CPA

59
Q

CPA (_-_ppm) leads to: _ inflammation, _ necrosis, hyperplasia of _ mucosa

A

50,100, mucosa, crop, proventricular

60
Q

Gizzard is a highly _ organ capable of exerting high _ on feed

A

Muscular, High

61
Q

Gizzard has hard lining composed of _, _ layer

A

Keratin, Koilin

62
Q

Hard lining of gizzard is important for _ of feed, and to protect _ from degrading effects of _ and _

A

grinding, mucosa, HCL, pepsin

63
Q

Gizzard Erosion: Ulceration of _ layer, leads to bleeding from underlying _, causes _ of blood by _ conditions leading to _ vomit

A

Koilin, Tissue, Denaturation, Acidic, Black

64
Q

Gizzard Erosion Causes: _ contamination, _ levels in feed >250ppm, sub-optimal levels of _ and _ in diet, biogenic , Fishmeal (), Microorganims (_)

A

Mycotoxin, Copper, Met, Cys, Amines, Gizzerosine, Adenovirus

65
Q

Biogenic amines are by products of _ _ of some amino acids

A

Bacterial Degradation

66
Q

Gizzard Myopathy: Calcified necrotic muscle tissue aka _ _ _ due to deficiency of vitamin _ and _

A

White Muscle Disease, E, Selenium

67
Q

Pancreatic Juice consists of _ (breaks down _), _ (breaks down _), _ _(breaks down the disaccharide produced by salivary amylase, _)

A

Peptidases, Peptides, Lipases, Fats, Pancreatic Amylase, Maltose

68
Q

Pancreatic Juice ph ~-, and is rich in _

A

6, 7, Bicarbonate

69
Q

Factors Affecting Pancreatic Secretions

A

Age, Genetics, Antinutritional Factors (ex. Trypsin Inhibitors), Feeding

70
Q

Villi: In _ of villi is where proliferation occurs, as cells move towards the intestinal lumen they _, close to the top is where nutrients are _, the top of the vill is where cells are _ off

A

Crypt, Differentiate, Absorbed, Sloughed

71
Q

Fastest growth rate in chicks occurs with the first _ days of life

A

7

72
Q

Limitations in Chicks: Inadequate _ and _ secretion, reduced _ capacity, inadequate _ and _ intake

A

Acid, Enzyme, Absorptive, Feed, Water

73
Q

General: Rate of Passage influenced by _, _, _ _, _ of food consumed, faster in _ than in _

A

Consistency, Hardness, Water Content, Amount, Chicks, Adults

74
Q

Crop & Esophagus: Rate of Passage influenced by _ (_ _) and _ state, peristalsis begins in esophagus and spreads down the crop to the gizzard

A

Hunger, Crop Fill, Nervous

75
Q

Proventriculus: Rate of Passage influenced by movements of the crop and gizzard ex. gizzard is empty, proventiculus _ into the _, passage through the proventriculus is _, passage through the proventriculus is faster in _

A

Empties, Gizzard, Quick, Males

76
Q

Gizzard: Rate of passage, has regular _, contraction length ranges from - seconds and is influenced by _, gizzard movement is higher with _, grit remains in gizzard for long time

A

Contractions, 20, 30, Hunger, Grit

77
Q

Intestine to Cloaca: In small intestine passage proceeds normally and in _ movements to the ceca, - movement moves the contents expelled back into the _ _ for further _ or into the _ _

A

Segmenting, anti-perisaltic, small intestine, absorption, large intestine

78
Q

The flow of digesta from ceca is affected by fibre, _ fibre slows the flow and increases _ and _

A

Soluable, Fermentation, Absorption

79
Q

3 Types of Reverse Peristalsis

A

Gastric, SI, Cloaca-Caecal

80
Q

Cloaca contracts to _ contents and maintains _ peristalsis

A

Expel, Continuous

81
Q

Gastric Reflux: Digesta from _ to _ by _ contractions every - minutes

A

Gizzard, Proventiculus, Gastroduodenal, 2, 4

82
Q

SI Reflux: Digesta from _ and _ into the _ area, occurs _ times per hour, this increases digesta _ time

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, 4, retention

83
Q

Cloaca-caecal Reflux: Transfers urinary _ to the _ via the colon, prone in birds fed low _ diets

A

N, Ceca, Protein

84
Q
A

Poultry Nutrition (5 decks)

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