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Poultry Nutrition > Lecture 6: Feed Additives > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Feed Additives Flashcards

1
Q

All feed ingredients must be approved by _ _ _ _ (CFIA)

A

Canadian Feed Inspection Agency

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2
Q

Inclusion Level of Feed Additives are very small, <_%

A

1

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3
Q

Because of the small inclusion level of feed additives careful _ and _ is required, - is a very important aspect in their manufacturing and handling

A

handling, mixing, pre-mixing

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4
Q

Usage of Feed Additives dates back to _s

A

1940s

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5
Q

Global feed additive business is valued _

A

High

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6
Q

Antioxidants
Goal:
Oxidation Leads to: _ AME, _ rancidity (especially _ _), _ destruction of nutrients
Natural Antioxidants: _, _, _
Synthetic Antioxidants: _, _

A

Protect against oxidation
Decreased, Increased, Unsaturated Fats, Increased
Vit C, Vit E, Selenium
BHA, BHT

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7
Q

Mold Inhibitors
Goal: Feed _, feed _, and feed _
Mold Leads to: _ AME, _ mycotoxins, _ vit content, _ AA content, _ growth, _ animal performance

A

stability, manufacturing, properties
decrease, increase, decrease, decrease, decrease, decrease

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8
Q

Types of Mycotoxins: A_, F_, P_, C_

A

Aspegillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Claviceps

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9
Q

Effect of Mycotoxins

A

Reduced absorption, reduced feed intake, reduced immunocompetence, reproductive disturbances

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10
Q

Signs of Mold

A

Caking, Feed Refusal, Slight “off” aroma, Heating of feed, Darkening of Feed

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11
Q

Pellet Binder
Goal: Ensure quality of feed texture delivered
Leads to absorption of _, elimination of _ _, prevents _, flows _ in silos, increase in _ and _

A

Mycotoxins, free water, swelling, freely, ADG, FCR

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12
Q

Flavouring Agents
Used to prevent _ in chicks, stimulate _ _ during _, suppression of _ in _ _ using _ , improve _ of certain _ such as ( _, _ _, _ _)

A

Starveouts, feed intake, stress, appetite, broiler breeders, calcium propionate, palatability ingredients, blood meal, fish meal, canola meal

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13
Q

Feed Enzymes
Used to modify animal growth, feed efficiency, metabolism and performance
Benefits: increase in _, _ in performance, less _ _ & _ _, flexibility of _ _, decrease _ impact

A

Efficiency, Environmental sustainability, Net Income
Profitability, uniformity, animal waste, litter problems, feed ingredients, environmental

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14
Q

Enzyme used to degrade phytate (in all plants)

A

Phytase

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15
Q

Enzyme used to degrade Arabinoxylans and B-Glucans (in cereals, grains, legumes, oilseeds)

A

Xylanase, B-Glucanase

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16
Q

Enzyme used to degrade resistance starch (in cereal grains, grain, legumes)

A

Amylase

17
Q

Enzyme used to degrade trypsin-inhibitors, oligosaccharides, antigens (in plant proteins)

A

Protease

18
Q

Acidifiers
Types: ,,_ acids
Leads to: increased _ digestion, increased _ digestion, increased _ solubility, increased efficacy of _ _, increase _ _

A

Fumaric, Citric, Benzoic
Protein, Mineral, P, phytase enzyme, beneficial bacteria

19
Q

Additives that modify animal growth, feed efficiency, metabolism, and performance

A

AGPs

20
Q

Historical Discoveries AGPS, developed during war to help with food shortage, found that _ _ cultures were used to produce chlortetracycline (Aureomycin), later research pure _, _, _ at sub therapeutic doses to enhance chicken _, economics less _ costs, less _ to market, AGPs saw decline in effects of AGP on _ performance eventually

A

Streptomyces Aureofacin, Aureomycin, Penicillin, Streptomycin, growth, feed, time, growth

21
Q

Why did effects of AGP decline

A

Housing, Biosecurity, Nutrition, Genetic Improvement

22
Q

Concerns with indiscriminate use of AGPs

A

Microbial Resistance

23
Q

Conditions in Barns Promoting Resistance

A

Infection Control Failure
Exposure to antibiotics
Stress reaction

24
Q

Sweden then Denmark then Eu then America (______) agreed to phased out use of _ for _, and increased _ _

A

2014, MIAs, Growth, Vet Oversight

25
Q

Categorization of Antimicrobials _ is _, _ is _

A

1, high, 4, low

26
Q

Responsible Use of MIAs in Animals (____) all MIAs have to be prescribed by , changes on labels: removal of _ _ claims and use, responsible use statements on labels of all in- and in-_ usage, _ to show its a _ drug

A

2018, Vet, Growth Promotion, Feed, Water, panel, prescription

27
Q

How do AGPs get us to sweet spot

A

Reduced Pathogenic Bacteria
Increase in beneficial bacteria
Less nutrient competition
Increased nutrients for growth and egg production
Less inflammation / maintenance energy
Improved digestion and absorption

28
Q

Characteristics of Good Gut Health

A

Balanced microbiota
Efficient digestion and nutrient absorption
Strong gut lining
Minimal inflammation
Supports growth, feed efficiency and disease resistance

29
Q

_, _, and _ _ are all related

A

Nutrition, Microbiota, Immune Function

30
Q

Balancing Act between _ and _ _, _ microbiota promote digestion, produce nutrients, and strengthens gut barriers, _ pathogens trigger immune response and inflammation and can damage gut lining and reduce nutrient absorption

A

microbiota, immune function, beneficial, opportunistic

31
Q

Alternatives to in-feed antibiotics

A

Probiotics
Prebiotics
Seaweed
Essential Oils
Enzymes
Vaccines

32
Q

Additives that modify animal health

A

Antibiotics
Immune-nutrients
Amino Acids
Vitamins
Selenium, zinc, chromium
Control pathogens
Stimulate gut development and function
Enhance active immunity

33
Q

Additives that modify consumer acceptance, pigments like _ and - pigments, major application is to add colour to egg yolks and animal flesh, ex. _

A

Carotenoids, Red-Yellow, Xanthophylls

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