Lecture 6: Feed Additives Flashcards
All feed ingredients must be approved by _ _ _ _ (CFIA)
Canadian Feed Inspection Agency
Inclusion Level of Feed Additives are very small, <_%
1
Because of the small inclusion level of feed additives careful _ and _ is required, - is a very important aspect in their manufacturing and handling
handling, mixing, pre-mixing
Usage of Feed Additives dates back to _s
1940s
Global feed additive business is valued _
High
Antioxidants
Goal:
Oxidation Leads to: _ AME, _ rancidity (especially _ _), _ destruction of nutrients
Natural Antioxidants: _, _, _
Synthetic Antioxidants: _, _
Protect against oxidation
Decreased, Increased, Unsaturated Fats, Increased
Vit C, Vit E, Selenium
BHA, BHT
Mold Inhibitors
Goal: Feed _, feed _, and feed _
Mold Leads to: _ AME, _ mycotoxins, _ vit content, _ AA content, _ growth, _ animal performance
stability, manufacturing, properties
decrease, increase, decrease, decrease, decrease, decrease
Types of Mycotoxins: A_, F_, P_, C_
Aspegillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Claviceps
Effect of Mycotoxins
Reduced absorption, reduced feed intake, reduced immunocompetence, reproductive disturbances
Signs of Mold
Caking, Feed Refusal, Slight “off” aroma, Heating of feed, Darkening of Feed
Pellet Binder
Goal: Ensure quality of feed texture delivered
Leads to absorption of _, elimination of _ _, prevents _, flows _ in silos, increase in _ and _
Mycotoxins, free water, swelling, freely, ADG, FCR
Flavouring Agents
Used to prevent _ in chicks, stimulate _ _ during _, suppression of _ in _ _ using _ , improve _ of certain _ such as ( _, _ _, _ _)
Starveouts, feed intake, stress, appetite, broiler breeders, calcium propionate, palatability ingredients, blood meal, fish meal, canola meal
Feed Enzymes
Used to modify animal growth, feed efficiency, metabolism and performance
Benefits: increase in _, _ in performance, less _ _ & _ _, flexibility of _ _, decrease _ impact
Efficiency, Environmental sustainability, Net Income
Profitability, uniformity, animal waste, litter problems, feed ingredients, environmental
Enzyme used to degrade phytate (in all plants)
Phytase
Enzyme used to degrade Arabinoxylans and B-Glucans (in cereals, grains, legumes, oilseeds)
Xylanase, B-Glucanase
Enzyme used to degrade resistance starch (in cereal grains, grain, legumes)
Amylase
Enzyme used to degrade trypsin-inhibitors, oligosaccharides, antigens (in plant proteins)
Protease
Acidifiers
Types: ,,_ acids
Leads to: increased _ digestion, increased _ digestion, increased _ solubility, increased efficacy of _ _, increase _ _
Fumaric, Citric, Benzoic
Protein, Mineral, P, phytase enzyme, beneficial bacteria
Additives that modify animal growth, feed efficiency, metabolism, and performance
AGPs
Historical Discoveries AGPS, developed during war to help with food shortage, found that _ _ cultures were used to produce chlortetracycline (Aureomycin), later research pure _, _, _ at sub therapeutic doses to enhance chicken _, economics less _ costs, less _ to market, AGPs saw decline in effects of AGP on _ performance eventually
Streptomyces Aureofacin, Aureomycin, Penicillin, Streptomycin, growth, feed, time, growth
Why did effects of AGP decline
Housing, Biosecurity, Nutrition, Genetic Improvement
Concerns with indiscriminate use of AGPs
Microbial Resistance
Conditions in Barns Promoting Resistance
Infection Control Failure
Exposure to antibiotics
Stress reaction
Sweden then Denmark then Eu then America (______) agreed to phased out use of _ for _, and increased _ _
2014, MIAs, Growth, Vet Oversight
Categorization of Antimicrobials _ is _, _ is _
1, high, 4, low
Responsible Use of MIAs in Animals (____) all MIAs have to be prescribed by , changes on labels: removal of _ _ claims and use, responsible use statements on labels of all in- and in-_ usage, _ to show its a _ drug
2018, Vet, Growth Promotion, Feed, Water, panel, prescription
How do AGPs get us to sweet spot
Reduced Pathogenic Bacteria
Increase in beneficial bacteria
Less nutrient competition
Increased nutrients for growth and egg production
Less inflammation / maintenance energy
Improved digestion and absorption
Characteristics of Good Gut Health
Balanced microbiota
Efficient digestion and nutrient absorption
Strong gut lining
Minimal inflammation
Supports growth, feed efficiency and disease resistance
_, _, and _ _ are all related
Nutrition, Microbiota, Immune Function
Balancing Act between _ and _ _, _ microbiota promote digestion, produce nutrients, and strengthens gut barriers, _ pathogens trigger immune response and inflammation and can damage gut lining and reduce nutrient absorption
microbiota, immune function, beneficial, opportunistic
Alternatives to in-feed antibiotics
Probiotics
Prebiotics
Seaweed
Essential Oils
Enzymes
Vaccines
Additives that modify animal health
Antibiotics
Immune-nutrients
Amino Acids
Vitamins
Selenium, zinc, chromium
Control pathogens
Stimulate gut development and function
Enhance active immunity
Additives that modify consumer acceptance, pigments like _ and - pigments, major application is to add colour to egg yolks and animal flesh, ex. _
Carotenoids, Red-Yellow, Xanthophylls
