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Poultry Nutrition > Layer Nutrition > Flashcards

Layer Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

_ _ created poultry industry, caused by development of _ _ grains

A

Green Revolution, High Yielding

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1
Q

Feed cost is _% of production expense

A

70

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2
Q

Rotating cotton and soybean increased _ _ and _

A

soil fertility, yield

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3
Q

Basic Layer Formula
_% Corn & SB
_% Limestone

A

80, 10

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4
Q

Nutrient Specifications of Layer
____ ME kcal/kg
__% CP
__% Fat
__% Fiber
___ Ca:PavP

A

2900
17
3.5
2.8
9.76

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5
Q

5 Factors of Ingredient Variation in Formulation

A

Cost
Availability
Nutrient Specifications
Nutrient Requirements
Functional Components

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6
Q

DDGS are a byproduct of ethanol production and can improve gut health through yeast (pre-biotic or probiotic)

A

pre-biotic

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7
Q

Citric Acid production also uses

A

Yeast

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8
Q

Water Requirement: Need _x the amount of water than feed. _-_ml. -% BW.

A

2, 180, 220, 10-12

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9
Q

Short term deprivation (6-8h) leads to

A

Reduction in performance

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10
Q

Long term deprivation (24h) induces

A

Molt

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11
Q

Biggest drink of the day takes place after _ around _am (__%)

A

Laying, 10, 22

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12
Q

Majority of water intake occurs before _ _, around _-_pm (__%)

A

lights out, 4-7, 57

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13
Q

If a barn is hot, birds require more _

A

Water

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14
Q

In high production flocks, __ more saleable eggs are produced per hen, birds maintain __% production persistency for 30 weeks

A

40, 95

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15
Q

When does peak egg mass occur

A

35-70 wks

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16
Q

Phase feeding aims to control 2 Factors, without changing _ and _ intake

A

Egg size
Shell quality
Protein
Energy

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17
Q

Trends in Layer
Egg production has _ overtime
Feed intake has _ overtime
_ Size Eggs have decreased overtime
Age when birds lay 20%> M sized eggs has _
_ birds produce more _ and _ eggs

A

increased, increased, decreased, decreased, older, L, XL

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18
Q

Energy Intake Equation uses 4 variable

A

BW, Temperature, Egg Mass, ADG

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19
Q

5 Pullet Objectives

A

Uniformity
BW Targets
Age @ first egg
BW @ first egg
Ca to build reserves

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20
Q

3 strategies to achieve optimal egg size

A

Use of heavier pullets
High density feed
Promote early feed intake

21
Q

Ideal Egg Size in g

A

60-62

22
Q

Why do producers want fewer XL and jumbo eggs?

A

Less undergrades and cracking

23
Q

Egg size is difficult to control late in production what should be planned accordingly

A

Nutrition & Management

24
Q

Nutrients & Supplements Supporting Shell Quality

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
D3
Organic Acids
Hy-D, Phytase
Gut health additives

25
Q

Daily Calcium Requirement (g)

A

4-4.5

26
Q

As layers age they require more _ because absorption and efficiency are starting to decline

A

Calcium

27
Q

If a producer is not changing feeds then it makes sense to add more _ _ _ as hens age

A

Large particle Calcium

28
Q

When is calcium most important

A

Late Afternoon & Overnight

29
Q

Why is calcium most important in late afternoon and overnight?

A

When most of shell formation occurs

29
Q

Methods to increase Calcium Intake

A

Stacked feedings before lights out
Large particle calcium source
Midnight feeding

30
Q

What are the benefits of a large particle calcium source vs. small particle?

A

Larger particle has a better sustained calcium release because it dissolves slower in GT

31
Q

2 Reasons why Phosphorus and Ca:P is important

A

Skeletal Health
Egg shell quality

32
Q

High Phosphorus results in _ depletion and _ _

A

Calcium, Shell Cracking

33
Q

DiCal P is not recommended for layers because it is very _ in P

A

High

34
Q

Low Phosphorus results in _ depletion and decrease in _ _

A

Calcium
Skeletal Integrity

35
Q

During Shell Formation
_ is mobilized from _ bone
_ released and excreted and needs to be _

A

Calcium, Medullary
Phosphorus, Replenished

36
Q

6 Locations of Calcium Pools

A

Structural Bone
Medullary Bone
Blood
Shell
Feces
Urine

37
Q

In growing birds, _ breakdown bone, _ build new _ bone

A

osteoclasts, osteoblasts, structural

38
Q

3 Reasons Structural Bone is Important

A

Growth
Strength
Organization

39
Q

What causes the onset of egg production and stimulation of ovarian follicles

A

Estradiol Surge

40
Q

Ovarian follicles later become

A

Egg yolks

41
Q

Estrogen surge causes formation of _ _

A

Medullary Bone

42
Q

Medullary Bone acts as _ _, and coats _ _, it is rebuilt every night in response _ _ _ recruitment

A

Calcium Reserve, Structural Bone, Estrogen Signalling Follicle

43
Q

During bone remodelling _ breakdown _ bone at _ to mobilize _ to use for _ formation

A

Osteoclasts, Medullary, Night, Calcium, Shell

44
Q

High estrogen inhibits _ bone growth, if _ bone is degraded by osteoclasts _ bone will replace it

A

structural, structural, spongy

45
Q

Spongy bone weakens bone and is associated with which disease

A

Osteoporosis

46
Q

Genetic selection keeps estrogen high to support _ and maintains _ bone as a source of Ca

A

Production, Medullary

47
Q

Lohmann LSL breed experiences estrogen at - weeks when birds would typically _, prolonged exposure to estrogen leads to development of _ bone (osteoporosis & fractures can lead to _) often misdiagnosed as _ _

A

40, 50, molt, spongy, paralysis, cage fatigue

48
Q
A

Poultry Nutrition (12 decks)

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