Layer Nutrition Flashcards
_ _ created poultry industry, caused by development of _ _ grains
Green Revolution, High Yielding
Feed cost is _% of production expense
70
Rotating cotton and soybean increased _ _ and _
soil fertility, yield
Basic Layer Formula
_% Corn & SB
_% Limestone
80, 10
Nutrient Specifications of Layer
____ ME kcal/kg
__% CP
__% Fat
__% Fiber
___ Ca:PavP
2900
17
3.5
2.8
9.76
5 Factors of Ingredient Variation in Formulation
Cost
Availability
Nutrient Specifications
Nutrient Requirements
Functional Components
DDGS are a byproduct of ethanol production and can improve gut health through yeast (pre-biotic or probiotic)
pre-biotic
Citric Acid production also uses
Yeast
Water Requirement: Need _x the amount of water than feed. _-_ml. -% BW.
2, 180, 220, 10-12
Short term deprivation (6-8h) leads to
Reduction in performance
Long term deprivation (24h) induces
Molt
Biggest drink of the day takes place after _ around _am (__%)
Laying, 10, 22
Majority of water intake occurs before _ _, around _-_pm (__%)
lights out, 4-7, 57
If a barn is hot, birds require more _
Water
In high production flocks, __ more saleable eggs are produced per hen, birds maintain __% production persistency for 30 weeks
40, 95
When does peak egg mass occur
35-70 wks
Phase feeding aims to control 2 Factors, without changing _ and _ intake
Egg size
Shell quality
Protein
Energy
Trends in Layer
Egg production has _ overtime
Feed intake has _ overtime
_ Size Eggs have decreased overtime
Age when birds lay 20%> M sized eggs has _
_ birds produce more _ and _ eggs
increased, increased, decreased, decreased, older, L, XL
Energy Intake Equation uses 4 variable
BW, Temperature, Egg Mass, ADG
5 Pullet Objectives
Uniformity
BW Targets
Age @ first egg
BW @ first egg
Ca to build reserves
3 strategies to achieve optimal egg size
Use of heavier pullets
High density feed
Promote early feed intake
Ideal Egg Size in g
60-62
Why do producers want fewer XL and jumbo eggs?
Less undergrades and cracking
Egg size is difficult to control late in production what should be planned accordingly
Nutrition & Management
Nutrients & Supplements Supporting Shell Quality
Calcium
Phosphorus
D3
Organic Acids
Hy-D, Phytase
Gut health additives
Daily Calcium Requirement (g)
4-4.5
As layers age they require more _ because absorption and efficiency are starting to decline
Calcium
If a producer is not changing feeds then it makes sense to add more _ _ _ as hens age
Large particle Calcium
When is calcium most important
Late Afternoon & Overnight
Why is calcium most important in late afternoon and overnight?
When most of shell formation occurs
Methods to increase Calcium Intake
Stacked feedings before lights out
Large particle calcium source
Midnight feeding
What are the benefits of a large particle calcium source vs. small particle?
Larger particle has a better sustained calcium release because it dissolves slower in GT
2 Reasons why Phosphorus and Ca:P is important
Skeletal Health
Egg shell quality
High Phosphorus results in _ depletion and _ _
Calcium, Shell Cracking
DiCal P is not recommended for layers because it is very _ in P
High
Low Phosphorus results in _ depletion and decrease in _ _
Calcium
Skeletal Integrity
During Shell Formation
_ is mobilized from _ bone
_ released and excreted and needs to be _
Calcium, Medullary
Phosphorus, Replenished
6 Locations of Calcium Pools
Structural Bone
Medullary Bone
Blood
Shell
Feces
Urine
In growing birds, _ breakdown bone, _ build new _ bone
osteoclasts, osteoblasts, structural
3 Reasons Structural Bone is Important
Growth
Strength
Organization
What causes the onset of egg production and stimulation of ovarian follicles
Estradiol Surge
Ovarian follicles later become
Egg yolks
Estrogen surge causes formation of _ _
Medullary Bone
Medullary Bone acts as _ _, and coats _ _, it is rebuilt every night in response _ _ _ recruitment
Calcium Reserve, Structural Bone, Estrogen Signalling Follicle
During bone remodelling _ breakdown _ bone at _ to mobilize _ to use for _ formation
Osteoclasts, Medullary, Night, Calcium, Shell
High estrogen inhibits _ bone growth, if _ bone is degraded by osteoclasts _ bone will replace it
structural, structural, spongy
Spongy bone weakens bone and is associated with which disease
Osteoporosis
Genetic selection keeps estrogen high to support _ and maintains _ bone as a source of Ca
Production, Medullary
Lohmann LSL breed experiences estrogen at - weeks when birds would typically _, prolonged exposure to estrogen leads to development of _ bone (osteoporosis & fractures can lead to _) often misdiagnosed as _ _
40, 50, molt, spongy, paralysis, cage fatigue
