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Poultry Nutrition > #4 Nutrients > Flashcards

#4 Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Amino Acid functions

A

Structural proteins
Functional proteins
Defence and protective proteins
Cell Signalling
Transport of energy and nutrients between tissues

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2
Q

AA are the _ _ _ of proteins

A

Basic building blocks

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3
Q

Non-essential AA (Gly, Ala, Asp, Asx, Glu, Gln, Pro)

A

Body can synthesize at sufficient levels

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4
Q

Essential AA’s used to formulate ideal protein concept (Lys, Thr, Met, Arg, Val, Top)

A

Not made by body in sufficient levels

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5
Q

Stereoisomerism: _-AA have positive effect on body, _-AA have adverse effects

A

L, D

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6
Q

Animals can only convert L-_ into protein

A

Methionine

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7
Q

Digestion @ Tertiary Level

A

HCL in proventriculus

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8
Q

_ in the _ hydrolysis to larger _

A

Pepsin proventriculus, peptides

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9
Q

Pancreatic _, split peptide chains into _ chains

A

endopeptidases, smaller

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10
Q

_ at Lysine and Arginine residuals

A

Trypsin

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11
Q

_ at aromatic amino acid residuals (,,_)

A

Chymotrypsin, Phe, Tyr, Trp

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12
Q

_ at aliphatic amino acids residuals (,,_)

A

Elastase, Gly, Ser, Ala

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13
Q

After the split of smaller peptide chains into _ they are absorbed by _ transporters from _ to portal _

A

AA, Active, enterocyte, blood

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14
Q

Ideal Protein Concept refers to the right balance of essential AA in their diet to maximize growth, production, and health while minimizing waste and inefficiency, this concept is based on the idea that protein quality (balance of AA) is more important than _ _

A

protein quantity

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15
Q

Ideal Protein contains essential AA in the exact rations needed with _ being the reference AA

A

Lysine

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16
Q

Other AA are expressed as a percentage relative to _

A

Lysine

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17
Q

_ is often used as a reference AA

A

Lysine

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18
Q

There are no metabolic interactions between _ and other _

A

Lysine, AA

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19
Q

_ can be converted to _

A

Met, Cys

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20
Q

_ would be the first limiting AA in grain and soybean diets

A

Met

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21
Q

_ is likely to become first-limiting AA if _ meal is replaced by another plant protein supplement

A

Lys, soybean

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22
Q

As energy demands increase, _ demands decrease

A

Lysine

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23
Q

Advancements in Genetics in poultry

A

Increase BW, FCR Improvement, Breast Yield Increase

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24
Q

Dietary AA to calories _ as birds age

A

decrease

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25
Q

Feed intake _ as birds age

A

increase

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26
Q

Broiler breeders are the parental stock of _ birds

A

meat

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27
Q

Broiler breeders are extremely efficient in converting feed into _ and rapid _

A

protein, growth

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28
Q

Objectives in broiler breeders during rearing

A

Flock uniformity, BW control

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29
Q

Objectives in broiler breeders during laying

A

Egg production, eq quality, fertility, hatchability

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30
Q

Nutrition and management must avoid _ issues associated with _ birds

A

reproductive, overweight

31
Q

Efficient growth in broiler chickens vs. BB reproductive fitness are _ related production traits

A

negatively

32
Q

A method to slow broiler breeder growth is to _ _ intake to delay onset of _ maturity to optimize _ and viable _ production

A

restrict AA, sexual, egg, chick

33
Q

Feather Picking in Broiler Breeders can create decrease in _ and _ in flocks

A

fertility, hatchability

34
Q

Hens displaying feather loss may want to avoid entering the _ with males, leads to _ in mating

A

floor, reduction

35
Q

Feather Picking is multifaceted

A

Nutrition, Management, Disease, Genetic Strain

36
Q

When diets are sub optimum in certain AA can lead to abnormal feather _

A

development

37
Q

Hens provided low _ diet during rearing and early in lay can lead to poor _ covering

A

protein, feather

38
Q

Important not to overvalue AA in diet formulation to avoid sub optimum AA composition of complete feeds, one solution is the use of _

A

Tryptophan

39
Q

_, _, _ acid, _ deficiencies can result in frayed feathers and impact feather development

A

Zinc, Vitamin, Pantothenic acid, Niacin

40
Q

Trace mineral and vitamin premixes typically exceed requirement, therefor typically _ lead to problems

A

Shouldn’t

41
Q

[_] x _ = protein level

A

N, 6.25

42
Q

Apparent Ill AA digestibility (AID%) talks about the _ from the digestive tract prior to _ ileum

A

disappearance, distal

43
Q

AID% is better estimate of availability than _ digestibility, because it isn’t influenced by _ in the ceca and urine

A

fecal, fermentation

44
Q

AID accounts for _ and _ endogenous loss, and _ loss

A

basal, specific, exogenous

45
Q

SID accounts for _ endogenous loss, and _ loss

A

specific, exogenous

46
Q

True accounts for _ loss

A

exogenous

47
Q

Phosphorus is the _ most expensive nutrient

A

3rd

48
Q

P required for _ development

A

skeletal

49
Q

Ca:P

A

2:1

50
Q

Majority of Ca & P stored in _ and _

A

bones, teeth

51
Q

The rest of Ca and P is stored in _ _

A

soft tissues

52
Q

P is low in _ and high in _ sources

A

plants, inorganic

53
Q

3 Examples of inorganic sources high in P

A

Calcium Phosphate, DCP, Animal Byproducts

54
Q

Main method to estimate P availability

A

Apparent total tract digestibility at low dietary P levels

55
Q

_ _ is important for metabolism of Ca and P

A

Vit D

56
Q

3 Factors affecting bone growth

A

Vit D3 deficiency, Low Ca, High Ca/Low P

57
Q

Low P, lots of limestone (Ca) causes

A

Rickets

58
Q

Rickets is the softening of _

A

bone

59
Q

Fat Soluable Vit

A

A, D, E, K

60
Q

Vit and Trace minerals added to premix in higher levels than established _

A

Requirements

61
Q

Decrease in water intake

A

Decrease in feed intake

62
Q

High [] of _ or _ associated with increased intake of _, leading to _ litter, _, - _

A

Na, K, Water, wet, ammonia, foot-pad dermatitis

63
Q

Macrominerals are important for _ & _ contraction

A

Bones, Muscle

64
Q

Trace Minerals are measured in _ and are co-factors that help drive _ reactions, important for _ development

A

ppm, chemical, feather

65
Q

Antinutritional Factors _ with nutrient utilization

A

interfere

66
Q

In plants and seeds ANFs act as _

A

bio pesticides

67
Q

ANFs decrease _, _, and _ digestion and utilization, inactivate _, stimulate the _ _, _ with anti-nutritional properties

A

protein, CHO, mineral, Vit, immune system, NSPs

68
Q

Anti-trypsins reduce effectiveness of _ and are present in seeds such as _ and _

A

trypsin, soybeans, peas

69
Q

Lectins attach to cell surface and cause damage to _ and _ surface and leads to digestive _, present in _, _, _

A

blood, intestinal, upset, soybeans, peas, beans

70
Q

Polyphenolic compounds (_, toxic _) form complexes with proteins in feed and digestive enzymes to reduce digestibility, present in some grains _, _, _ and some _, _

A

tannins, alkaloids, barley, sorghum, rapeseed, beans, lupins

71
Q

Glucosinulates are complexes between simple _ and are _ and interfere with _ function, present in _

A

sugar, unpalatable, thyroid, rapeseed

72
Q

Phytate/Phytic Acid _ groups attached to simple _, poultry lack _ enzymes, forms complex with other nutrients, present in _ seeds

A

phosphate, sugar, phytase, most

73
Q

Deactivate ANFs using _ and _

A

Glucosinulates, Phytic Acid/Phytase

74
Q
A

Poultry Nutrition (12 decks)

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