Temperature and Other Vital Signs 🗸

Question 1

Core body temperature

Answer 1

the temperature of the structures deep within the body
homeostatically maintained at about 37.8°C

Question 2

Normothermia

Answer 2

optimum temperature for cellular metabolism and function
Shows diurnal variation

Question 3

What alters normothermia?

Answer 3

activity, emotions, exercise and exposure

Question 4

what causes normothermia to vary for a longer while?

Answer 4

menstrual cycle

Question 5

what is diurnal variation?

Answer 5

the changes in the body over a 24 hour period

Question 6

Heat gain

Answer 6

metabolic heat gained by radiation, conduction and convection
basal metabolic rate is the basic level of heat production but can increase through shivering

Question 7

4 ways the body loses heat

Answer 7

radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation (passive and active)

Question 8

heat loss by radiation

Answer 8

emission of heat energy as electromagnetic waves
one half of bodys heat loss

Question 9

heat loss by conduction

Answer 9

transfer of heat between objects in contact (warm to cold)
combines with convection but depends on temperature gradient and thermal conductivity

Question 10

heat loss by convection

Answer 10

air next to skin is warmed by conduction, the warmer air is less dense and will rise whilst cooler air moves closer to the skin

Question 11

heat loss by passive evaporation

Answer 11

water passively diffuses from the surface for the skin and the linings of the respiratory airways

Question 12

heat loss by active evaporation

Answer 12

sweating controlled by the SNS

Question 13

three steps in the maintenance of core body temperature

Answer 13

sensor detects change (central and peripheral thermoreceptors)
sends signal to hypothalamus
effectors triggered to respond and restore to normal (skeletal muscles, skin arterioles and sweat glands respond)

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

temperature control centre

Question 15

posterior hypothalamic centre

Answer 15

activated by cold

Question 16

anterior hypothalamic centre

Answer 16

activated by warmth

Question 17

three abnormal temperatures

Answer 17

fever
hyperthermia
hypothermia

Question 18

fever

Answer 18

the bodys normal temperature has been raised
38-40

Question 19

hyperthermia

Answer 19

extreme uncontrolled increase in body temperature (due to failure of heat regulating mechanisms)
>40

Question 20

hypothermia

Answer 20

drop in body temperature below that required for cellular metabolism and function
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