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zFoM by me > Circulatory system 🗸 > Flashcards

Circulatory system 🗸 Flashcards

1
Q

Circulatory system

A

made of the cardiovasular system, and lymphatic system

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

made of the arterial system, the heart and the venous system

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

from the right of the heart
to the lungs
to the left side if the heart

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4
Q

Systemic circulation

A

from the left side of the heart
to the capillary beds of tissues and organs
to the right side of the heart

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5
Q

Epicardium

A

most outer layer of the heart, visceral serous pericardium

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6
Q

Myocardium

A

middle layer of the heart, cardiac muscle layer

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7
Q

Endocardium

A

the inner layer of the heart, continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels connecting with the heart

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8
Q

The four cardiac valves

A

pulmonary valve
tricuspid valve
mitral (bicuspid) valve
aortic valve

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9
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

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10
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

between the right atrium and ventricle

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11
Q

Mitral (Bicuspid) valve

A

going into the left atrium from the pulmonary vein

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12
Q

Aortic valve

A

between the left ventricle and atrium

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13
Q

The conduction system of the heart

A

Initiates and propagates rhythmic depolarisation, which results in rhythmic cardiac muscle contractions

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14
Q

First step of Conduction system

A

electrical impulse starts at the sinoatrial (SA) node

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15
Q

Second step of Conduction system

A

Impulse travels down the atrioventricular (AV) septum to the AV node

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16
Q

third step of conduction system

A

impulse travels down the left and right bundles of the interventricular septum

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17
Q

fourth step of conduction system

A

impulse spreads out to the myocardium through the conductive fibres and the ventricles contract

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18
Q

Outer layer if blood vessels

A

tunica adventitia, connective tissues

19
Q

middle layer of blood vessels

A

tunica media, elastic fibres and smooth muscles

20
Q

inner layer of blood vessels

A

tunica intima, endothelium

21
Q

Sympathetic tone

A

a background low level of contractions from the smooth muscles in arterioles

22
Q

Anastomoses

A

arteries connect to each other without a capillary network

23
Q

Anastomoses provide an alternative route, why?

A

To supple cells that are distal to an arterial occlusion (end of an artery)

24
Q

What are alternative routes by anastomoses called?

A

Collateral

25
Q

End artery

A

the only arterial blood supply for an area of the body

26
Q

Infarction

A

The irreversible cell death due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by the loss of arterial blood being supplied to the area

27
Q

Why does infarction happy

A

Untreated occlusion of an end artery

28
Q

Where do the left and right coronary arteries of the aorta supply blood to?

A

The heart muscle

29
Q

Where do the arch branches of the aorta supply blood to?

A

The upper limbs and head

30
Q

Where does the descending aorta supply blood to?

A

the thorax and abdomen

31
Q

What does the abdominal aorta branch into within the abdomen?

A

Iliac arteries that supply blood to the pelvis and lower limbs

32
Q

Where are the coronary arteries?

A

At the bottom of the ascending aorta, on the right of the heart

33
Q

What two types of artery branch of the arch of the aorta?

A

The subclavian artery and the common carotid artery

34
Q

How does venous blood return to the heart?

A

Venous valves
skeletal muscle oumpx
accompanying veins

35
Q

What are the four structures of the venous system?

A

Superficial veins
deep veins
hepatic portal venous system
systemic venous system

36
Q

Superficial veins

A

smaller, run within he superficial fascia, drain into deep veins

37
Q

deep veins

A

larger, run to the deep fascia in cavities, often in neurovascular bundles

38
Q

Hepatic portal venous system

A

Drains venous blood from GI Tract and associated veins to clean

39
Q

Systemic venous system

A

drains all venous blood into the vena cavae

40
Q

What do lymphatic capillaries collect?

A

tissue fluid called lymph

41
Q

Where does lymph travel to in order to drain into the body

A

The thoracic duct and lymphatic duct

42
Q

lymph from superficial lymphatics goes?

A

to the deep lymphatics

43
Q

lymph from the right lymphatic duct goes to?

A

the right venous angle

44
Q

lymph from the thoracic duct (left) goes to?

A

the left venous angle

zFoM by me (37 decks)

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