Blood and Blood Vessels 🗸

Question 1

blood

Answer 1

composed of
~45% erthrocytes,
<1% buffy coat (leukocytes and platelets),
~55% plasma

Question 2

what happens when you remove the clotting factors from the plasma

Answer 2

the remains are called serum

Question 3

how to separate blood?

Answer 3

spinning in a centrifuge

Question 4

erythrocytes

Answer 4

Red blood cells (RBC’s)
biconcave discs around 7µm
no nucleus or organelles once mature

Question 5

two types of white blood cells (WBCs)

Answer 5

granulocytes
agranulocytes

Question 6

Three granulocytes

Answer 6

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 7

two agranulocytes

Answer 7

monocytes
lymphocytes

Question 8

Neutrophils

Answer 8

40-70% of WBCs
phagocytes (when activated)
single multilobed nucleus

Question 9

Eosinophils

Answer 9

5% of WBCs
acidic granules that strain red, and a bi-lobed nucleus
Granules contain hydrolytic enzymes (inflammation)

Question 10

Basophils

Answer 10

5% of WBCs
basic granules that stain purple/blue and a bi-lobed nucleus
Effector cells in allergic reaction

Question 11

Monocytes

Answer 11

1-5% of WBCs
precursors of tissue microphages (phagocytes)
large kidney bean shaped nucleus

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

20-50% of WBCs
small spherical nucleus and basophilic (blue cytoplasm)
contain B cells and T cells

Question 13

B Cells

Answer 13

give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells

Question 14

T cells

Answer 14

differentiate in the thymus, many defensive functions

Question 15

platelets

Answer 15

cell fragments that have a key role in haemostasis

Question 16

Types of blood vessels

Answer 16

artery
arteriole
capillaries
venules
veins

Question 17

three layers of an artery

Answer 17

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

Question 18

tunica intima

Answer 18

single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelium) supported by the basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissues

Question 19

tunica media

Answer 19

predominantly made of smooth muscle fibres

Question 20

tunica adventitia

Answer 20

made of supporting connective tissues

Question 21

Structures in the arteriole

Answer 21

1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media, almost no tunica adventitia

Question 22

what is an arteriole

Answer 22

connects the capillaries and arteries

Question 23

structures of the capillaries

Answer 23

only tunica intima, an endothelium layer and a basal membrane

Question 24

three types of capillary

Answer 24

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous

Question 25

continuous capillary

Answer 25

no pores, smooth basal membrane and continuous endothelium

Question 26

fenestrated capillary

Answer 26

small pores in the endothelium, intact basal membrane

Question 27

discontinuous capillary

Answer 27

large gaps straight to the lumen, larger pores in endothelium and gapping in the basal membrane

Question 28

what are venules

Answer 28

connect the capillaries to the veins

Question 29

what are the two types of venules?

Answer 29

postcapillary venules
venules

Question 30

what are postcapillary venules made from?

Answer 30

endothelium and a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 31

what are regular venules made from?

Answer 31

tunica intima and intermittent smooth muscle in the tunica media

Question 32

what are veins made from?

Answer 32

the tunica intima
a thin continuous tunica media
tunica adventitia