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zFoM by me > Introduction to the Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Notable anatomy of a neuron

A

axon, body, dendrites, myelin sheath

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2
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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3
Q

Tract

A

bundles of axons around CNS

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4
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons in the PNS

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5
Q

Modalities of axons

A

Somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
visceral afferent
sympathetic
parasympathetic

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6
Q

Modalities of the spinal nerve and branches

A

somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic

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7
Q

Cranial nerves

A

mixed

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8
Q

motor (efferent)

A

action potential goes towards the body wall, cavity or organ

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9
Q

Sensory (afferent)

A

action potential towards the brain

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10
Q

Features of the spinal cord

A

Connects with the brain
passes through the foramen magnum
protected by the vertebral column

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11
Q

The four segments of the spinal cord

A

cervical (C1-C7)
thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumber (L1xL5)
Sacral (S1-S5) and coccygeal (Co)

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12
Q

Where are the two enlargements on the spinal cord?

A

Cervical and Lumbosacral

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13
Q

Why are there enlargements?

A

Innervation and control of limbs

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14
Q

The _____ and _____ nerve roots descend and form the _____ _____

A

Lumbar, Sacral, Cauda equina

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15
Q

Feature near L1&2

A

Conud Medullaris

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16
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

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17
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerve tissue outwith the CNS

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18
Q

Peripheral nerves

A

Bundles of axons wrapped by connective tissue, travelling to/from same structure

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19
Q

Spinal nerves

A

connects with spinal cord

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20
Q

Cranial nerve

A

connect with brain

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21
Q

Autonomic nerves

A

innervate organs, smooth muscle and glands

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22
Q

Autonomic nerve examples

A

Visceral afferents, sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves

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23
Q

where do spinal nerves connect?

A

spinal cord, bilaterally, 31 pairs

24
Q

how are spinal nerves named?

A

after the vertebrate above it, except when they’e in the cervical region, where theyre named after the vertebrate below

25
Q

where do spinal nerves supply?

A

the soma (body wall)

26
Q

where are the spinal nerves located?

A

in the intervertebral foramen

27
Q

where do the nerves connect after the IV foramen

A

the structures of the soma via the rami
the spinal cord via roots and rootlets

28
Q

posterior rami

A

supply small posterior strip of the soma

29
Q

Anterior

A

supply the remainder of the posterior part, the lateral and anterior parts of the strips of soma

30
Q

where else does the anterior rami supply (via the plexus)

A

all limbs via the plexus (networks of intertwined anterior rami

31
Q

cervical plexus

A

C1-C4 anterior rami
supplies the posterior scalp, neck and diaphragm

32
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1 anterior rami
supplies the upper limb

33
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4 anterior rami
supplies thr lower lim

34
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L5-S4 anterior
supplies the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

35
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve (with exceptions to thr limbs)

36
Q

T4 dermatome

A

nipple

37
Q

T10 dermatome

A

umbilicus

38
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

CN I-XII
Sensory Motor or Both

39
Q

C I

A

Olfactory Nerve
Sensory (Special)

40
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve
Sensory (Special)

41
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor Nerve
Motor

42
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear Nerve
Motor

43
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Both

44
Q

CN VI

A

Abducent Nerve
Motor

45
Q

CN VII

A

Facial Nerve
Both

46
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Both

47
Q

CN X

A

Vagus Nerve
Both

48
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal accessory nerve
Motor

49
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve
Motor

50
Q

Soma

A

the body wall including the head, neck, chest and back wall, diaphragm, abdominal and pelvis wall and the limbs

51
Q

three sensory receptors

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors

52
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

coarse and fine touch, vibration, proprioception

53
Q

thermoreceptors

A

temperatures

54
Q

Nociceptors

A

pain (sharp, stabbing, well localised)

55
Q

Somatic sensation pathway to the brain

A

sensory receptor stimulated
anterior ramus
plexus
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal root
dorsal rootlet
posteriot horn
cross over midline and action potential ascends towards brain

56
Q

Motor innervation pathway to skeletal muscle

A

zFoM by me (37 decks)

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