Enzymes as Biological Catalysts

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

speed up the rate of a reaction reaching equilibrium by binding and stabilising the transition state or reducing the activation energy

Question 2

what does specific mean in regards to enzymes?

Answer 2

they have a limited range of substrates

Question 3

what does potent mean with respect to enzymes?

Answer 3

they can convert many substrate molecules into products per second

Question 4

isozymes

Answer 4

isoforms of enzymes - catalyse the same reaction but have different properties and structure

Question 5

phosphorylation reactions

Answer 5

carried out by protein kinases

Question 6

cofactors

Answer 6

metal ions required for enzymatic activity

Question 7

Coenzymes

Answer 7

organic molecules required for enzymatic activity

Question 8

prosthetic groups

Answer 8

tightly bound coenzymes

Question 9

apoenzyme

Answer 9

enzyme without cofactor

Question 10

holoenzyme

Answer 10

enzyme with cofactor

Question 11

substrate binding basics

Answer 11

substrate bind to complementary active site which contains amino acids for catalytic activity

Question 12

induced fit

Answer 12

when an enzyme binds to the substrate and produces a conformational change what in turn generates a complementary fit

Question 13

how to pH or temperature affect biological catalysts?

Answer 13

they will have optimums of these and if its not at optimum, activity will decrease
the active sites can be altered too