Introduction to the MSK system 🗸

Question 1

What are the two ‘sections’ of the skeleton?

Answer 1

The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

Question 2

axial skeleton

Answer 2

the skeleton of the skull, neck and trunk (ribs, spine etc.)

Question 3

appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, the bones of the limbs

Question 4

Upper arm bone

Answer 4

humerus

Question 5

lower arm bones

Answer 5

ulna (medial) and radius (lateral)

Question 6

General bones of the hand

Answer 6

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 7

Upper leg bone

Answer 7

femur

Question 8

lower leg bones

Answer 8

tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral)

Question 9

General foot bones

Answer 9

tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 10

What is a bony feature?

Answer 10

a functional hole, bump or groove which develops during bone growth

Question 11

What is a foramen?

Answer 11

when an adjacent structure develops at the same time as bone and the bone grows around it

Question 12

Tuberosity

Answer 12

the rough area of bone where muscle attaches to the

Question 13

What is bone?

Answer 13

hard connective tissue

Question 14

What is cartilage?

Answer 14

less rigid than bine and located at articulations

Question 15

What are the three types of joint?

Answer 15

synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous

Question 16

Synovial joint

Answer 16

most common, most mobile and so least stable

Question 17

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 17

decently stable, kinda mobile

Question 18

fibrous joint

Answer 18

Most stable so least mobile

Question 19

Joints have _______ sensory nerve supply

Answer 19

excellent

Question 20

Skeletal muscle

Answer 20

the muscle on the bone, two points of contact, the origin (proximal) and insertion opposite it

Question 21

Muscle fibres ______ during contraction

Answer 21

shorten, the origin and insertion are moved closer together

Question 22

tendon

Answer 22

attach muscle to bone

Question 23

Aponeurosis

Answer 23

flattened tendon
commonly associated with flat muscles
attach muscle to soft tissue

Question 24

Where are the biceps brachii?

Answer 24

upper arm muscles!!

Question 25

Where is the origin of the bicep brachii?

Answer 25

Long head - coracoid process of the scapula
Short Head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Question 26

where is the insertion of the bicep brachii?

Answer 26

tuberosity of radius

Question 27

What innervates the muscle?

Answer 27

axillary nerve

Question 28

anterior fibres of the bicep brachii

Answer 28

flexion and medial rotation of the shoulder

Question 29

Posterior fibres of bicep brachii

Answer 29

extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder

Question 30

middle fibres of the bicep brachii

Answer 30

major abductor of the arm (moving it away from the median plane)

Question 31

What is a clinical examination of the muscles?

Answer 31

reflexed -theyre protective and automatic

Question 32

What do you test when testing reflexes

Answer 32

the muscle and nerve supplying it

Question 33

what are the main skeletal muscle reflexes

Answer 33

stretch and flexion withdrawal

Question 34

Stretch reflex

Answer 34

nerve detects stretch and tells spinal cord
motor nerve sends message to contract
neuromuscular junction (motor nerve tells muscle here)

Question 35

deep tendon reflex

Answer 35

biceps, triceps, knee and ankle jerk reflexes

Question 36

flexion withdrawal reflex

Answer 36

when you touch something potentially dangerous and theres a sudden flexion to withdraw

Question 37

Muscle strain

Answer 37

overstretched, torn or twisted muscle

Question 38

paralysis

Answer 38

a muscle without functioning motor nerve supple, cant contract. Muscle will have reduced tone

Question 39

Spasticity

Answer 39

muscle has intact and working motor nerve but controls from the brain arent working

Question 40

atrophy

Answer 40

the wasting of muscles through inactivity. myocytes become smaller

Question 41

hypertrophy

Answer 41

individual myocytes enlargen