Taxonomy - Bacteria

Question 1

The binomial system was developed by ?

Answer 1

Carl linnaeus

Question 2

the binomial system is used to?

Answer 2

name all cellular organisms,including microorganisms

Question 3

each organism is given two names?

Answer 3

• Generic name (genus)

- Specific name(species)

Question 4

Most names are descriptive and are derived from

Answer 4

Latin or

Greek

Question 5

some name are derived from?

Answer 5

the name of the discoverer

Question 6

Animalcules were originally classified in the class ?

Answer 6

Chaos

Question 7

is taxonomy static?

Answer 7

is an ever changing science

Question 8

Taxonomic categories

Answer 8

domain,kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species

Question 9

what is a species?

Answer 9

still not clear, a group of organisms that can interbreed

Question 10

the evolutionary history of microorganisms is very?

Answer 10

incomplete

Question 11

how old is the Earth?

Answer 11

4,5 billion years old

Question 12

First evidence of microbial life can be found in rocks?

Answer 12

3,5 billion years old

Question 13

Stromatolites?

Answer 13

Microbial mats
consisting of layers of filamentous
prokaryotes, sediments and
extracellular matrix

Question 14

Comparison of ancient and modern

stromatolites

Answer 14

-anoxygenic phototrophic filamentous bacteria formed ancient stromalites
-Oxygenic phototrophic
cyanobacteria dominate modern
stromatolites

Question 15

Early Earth was anoxic or oxigenic?

Answer 15

anoxic

Question 16

the temperature of early earth was?

Answer 16

much hotter than present day

Question 17

The first ________, _________arose out of primordial soup rich in
organic and inorganic compounds in ponds on Earth’s surface

Answer 17

• membrane-enclosed

- self-replicating cells

Question 18

Subsurface origin hypothesis,

Answer 18

– Life originated in hydrothermal springs on the ocean floor
-Conditions would have been more stable
-Steady and abundant supply of energy (e.g., H2 and H2S) was likely available at these
sites

Question 19

the first believed theory was?

Answer 19

• mineral pores form first biological compartements

- those compartements allowed coupling of energetic reactions to molecular replication

Question 20

origin of celllular life,

Answer 20

• prebiotic chemistry
• precellular life
• Early cellular life
• LUCA
• Evolutionary diversification

Question 21

HGT (Horizontal Gene Transfer)?

Answer 21

exchange of genetic material between cells.

Question 22

First self-replicating system may have been?

Answer 22

RNA-based (RNA world theory)

Question 23

so what is the theory of RNA-based (world theory)

Answer 23

1. RNA can bind small molecules
2. RNA has catalytic activity; may have catalyzed its own synthesis
3. RNA can be copied like DNA.

Question 24

DNA, a more stable molecule, eventually became

Answer 24

the genetic repository

Question 25

Three-part systems(___)evolved and became universal among cells.

Answer 25

DNA,RNA and protein

Question 26

Other important steps in the emergence of cellular life

Answer 26

– Buildup of lipids
– Synthesis of phospholipid membrane vesicles
– Assembly of vesicles catalyzed by the clay of the mound, produce cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 27

Last universal common ancestor (LUCA)

Answer 27

population of early cells from which

cellular life may have diverged into ancestors of modern-day Bacteria and Archaea.

Question 28

As early Earth was anoxic, energy-generating metabolism of primitive cells was
exclusively ______and likely __________.

Answer 28

• anaerobic

- chemoautotrophic

Question 29

at the beginning what was their carbon source?

Answer 29

CO2

Question 30

at the beginning what was the energy and electron source?

Answer 30

H2

Question 31

H2 came from ?

Answer 31

H2 likely generated by H2S reacting wihth FeS( 2 compounds presentun hydrothermal mounds)

Question 32

the electron acceptor?

Answer 32

Sulfur

Question 33

Early forms of chemoautotrophic and
photoautotrophic metabolism would
have supported production of large
amounts of

Answer 33

organic compounds.

Question 34

Organic material provided an
abundant, diverse, and continually
renewed source of reduced organic
carbon, stimulating evolution of
various \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

chemoheterotrophic

metabolisms

Question 35

what origin of who is important?

Answer 35

origing of cyanobacteria

Question 36

origin of cyanobacteria, why is it important?

Answer 36

it’s important because before that there was no oxygen