Taste and Smell

Question 1

Sensory receptors

Neuronal receptor vs cell surface receptor

Answer 1

respond to a particular modality of environmental stimuli

Tranduce forms of sensation to nerve impulses and conduct to CNS

N- designed/adapted to sense particular qualities
C- proteins

Question 2

Dendritic endings of sensory neurons
Free
Encapsulated
Rods and Cones
Modified epothelial cells

Answer 2

Pain/Temp
Pressure/Touch
Sight
Taste/smell

Question 3

Sensory trasduction occurs when

Answer 3

stimuli alter membrane potential in specialized receptor cells (affarent neurons or communicate with affarent neurones)

Question 4

Discrimination

Answer 4

ability to identify/discriminate

May involve other modalities (texture, temp, pain)

Question 5

Sensitivity

Smells
Taste
Most sensitive

Background conc

Answer 5

lowest detectable concentration

ppt/ppm
Bitter

Are important (influence sensation)

Question 6

Papillae

Answer 6

Filliform (most, but no taste cells), fungiform, foliate, circumvalate

Question 7

Epithelial cell receptors clustered in

taste cells are not neurons

Answer 7

barrel shaped taste buds

Depolarize upon stimulmation, and if depolarized and reach threshold, will release NT that stimulate sensory neurons

Question 8

One sensory fiber may transmit

Brain interprets the pattern of stimulation

Answer 8

info specific for more than 1 category of taste

along with smell to help perceive complex tastes

Question 9

Receptor proteins on taste cells

Enzymes can

Answer 9

include both ionotropic receptors (ion channels) and metabotropic receptors (alter metabolic pathways)

inc sweetness, release volatile chemical byproducts

Question 10

Olfactory aparatus

Bipolar sensory neurons are located within

Neuronal glomerulus receives input from

Answer 10

receptor cells, supporting cells (contain enzymes that oxidize hydrophobic volatile oderants), basal cells

Olfactory epithelium, pseudostratified

1 type of olfactory receptor

Question 11

Olfactory neurons rarely survive two months

Answer 11

stem cells undergo mitosis and differentiation to ensure not lost smell ability

Question 12

Oderant binds to receptor, GPCR, release cAMP

Open membrane channels, cause a generator potential to stimulate AP

Answer 12

dissocitation of Gproteins releases many subunits to amplify the response