Taste and Olfaction Flashcards
Where does the sensation of taste begin?
On taste cells on the tongue
What type of cells are taste cells?
Epithelial
Where do taste cells synapse with to send a signal to the brain?
Primary gustatory nerve fibers
Taste cells synapse with [insert word] to send signals to the brain.
Primary gustatory nerve fibers
Types of papillae?
- Circumvallate
- Foliate
- Fungiform
Where are circumvallate papillae located?
On the back third of tongue
Where are foliate papillae located?
On parallel folds on edges of back of tongue
Where are fungiform papillae located?
On the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
True or False?
Each “taste” has distinct chemicals that can bind specific taste receptors.
True
True or False?
Taste receptor cells can contain both ion channels or G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
False
Tastes that utilize ion channel signaling are:
- Salty
- Sour
Tastes that utilize GPCRs include:
- Sweet
- Umami
- Bitter
The taste receptor 1 (T1R) family consists of:
- T1R1
- T1R2
- T1R3
What macromolecules does the T1R receptor family detect?
Sugars and amino acids
(needed for sweet and umami tastes)
The T1R receptor family has a [insert word] extracellular domain.
Large
What is the T1R receptor combination for the sweet “taste”?
T1R2 and T1R3
What is the T1R receptor combination for the umami “taste”?
T1R1 and T1R3
What is the number of functional T2R receptors in humans? In mice?
25, 35
The T2R receptor family has a [insert word] extracellular domain.
Small
True or False?
Each T2R receptor detects only a few bitter compounds with very high affinity.
True
Types of olfactory receptors include:
- specialists
- generalists
Specialists bind a [insert word] ligands.
Few
Generalists bind a [insert word] ligands.
Lot
True or False?
One odor will bind multiple receptors.
True
Each olfactory neuron expresses how many olfactory receptor genes?
One
