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Anatomy & Physiology > Audition > Flashcards

Audition Flashcards

1
Q

Sound

A

Pressure waves of molecules in medium (ex. air)

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2
Q

Perception qualities include:

A
  • Frequency
  • Intensity/Amplitude
  • Complexity
  • Location
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3
Q

Functions of the ear include:

A
  • Capture
  • Mechanical transmission
  • Conversion (electrical transduction and transmission)
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4
Q

The external/outer ear consists of:

A
  • Pinna
  • External auditory canal
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5
Q

Function of pinna?

A
  • Collects and funnels sounds
  • Enhances “shadowing” for localization
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6
Q

Function of external auditory canal?

A

Carries sound to middle ear

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7
Q

The middle ear consists of:

A
  • Tympanic membrane
  • Ossicles which consist of malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)
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8
Q

Function of middle ear?

A

Amplification

Concentrates surface area to amplify pressure, lever action of ossicles increases force

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9
Q

Tympanic membrane

A
  • Flexible membrane (vibrates with sound waves)
  • Border between outer and inner ear
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10
Q

Function of ossicles?

A

Conduct and amplify changes in air pressure

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11
Q

The stapes (stirrup) connects to:

A

Oval window of cochlea

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12
Q

The inner ear consists of:

A
  • Oval window
  • Vestibular apparatus
  • Cochlea
  • Round window
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13
Q

Function of vestibular apparatus?

A

Sense of acceleration in 3D and balance

Semi-circular canals

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14
Q

The three chambers of the cochlea are:

A
  • Scala vestibuli
  • Scala tympani
  • Scala media
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15
Q

Shearing force on stereocilia created when

A

Hair cells move with sound and push against stationary tectorial membrane

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16
Q

Frequency/pitch coded by:

A

Location of max shearing

17
Q

Intensity/loudness coded by:

A

Degree of hyper/depolarization (shearing)

18
Q

Function of the Medial Geniculate Body (MGB)?

(of the thalamus)

A
  • relays information from inferior colliculus (IC) to auditory cortex (AC)
  • influences direction and maintenance of attention
  • sound not consciously processed
19
Q

Function of auditory cortex?

A
  • conscious perception of sound
  • sends information to secondary association areas for processing “what” and “where”

near Wernicke’s area (auditory association area) needed to understand speech

20
Q

What does the anterior portion of the auditory cortex represent?

A

Apex of cochlea, low pitch

21
Q

What does the posterior portion of the auditory cortex represent?

A

Base of cochlea, high pitch

22
Q

Pathway of ascending auditory system from cochlea to brain?

A

Cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucelus, auditory cortex

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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