Blood Flashcards
What are the functions of blood?
- Transportation
- Defense
- Maintain homeostasis
What are the components of blood in order of heaviest to lightest?
- Hematocrit
- Buffy coat
- Plasma
Define:
Hematocrit
Measure of percentage of red blood cells in blood
Define:
Buffy coat
Contains white blood cells and platelets
Define:
Plasma
Remainder of blood sample, contains water, proteins, etc.
Where does the red color in blood derive from?
Hemoglobin
What is the average blood pH?
7.4
How many liters of blood are found in the human body?
- 5 to 6 L for males
- 4 to 5 L for females
What are the most common proteins found in plasma?
- Albumin
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
What is the function of myeloid stem cells?
Produces erythrocytes, megakaryocytes that produce platelets, and myeloblasts that produce granular leukocytes basophil, neutrophil, and eosinophil
Define:
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Glycoprotein hormone secreted by interstitial fibroblast cells of kidneys when oxygen is low
Define:
Thrombopoietin
Glycoprotein hormone produced by liver and kidneys triggering development of platelets
What is the function of cytokines?
Stimulate resistance to disease
What are the function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
Transport oxygen from lungs to rest of body and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin molecule transport?
Four
Define:
Percent saturation
Clinical measure of percentage of hemoglobin sites occupied by oxygen in blood
Define:
Hypoxia
Low percent saturation levels
What are some of the trace elements required for red blood cell production?
- Iron
- Copper
- Zinc
- B vitamins
What is the function of leukocytes?
Defends against pathogens and cleans up debris
What are some examples of granular leukocytes?
- Eosinophil
- Neutrophil
- Basophil
What are some examples of agranular leukocytes?
- Monocyte
- Lymphocyte
Define:
Granular leukocyte
Contains abundant granules in cytoplasm
Define:
Agranular leukocyte
Have less granules than granular leukocytes
What is the function of neutrophils?
Responds to infection sites, particularly bacteria
What is the function of eosinophils?
Phagocytosis, antibodies bond to target and form antigen-antibody complex
What is the function of basophils?
Intensify inflammatory response
What are the three major groups of lymphocytes?
- Natural killer cells
- B cells
- T cells
- Memory cell
What is the function of natural killer cells?
Recognizes cells that do not express recognizable proteins, generalized immunity
